Carlton

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

NEWCOMB, an Ameri- went through a varied and extensive course of reading in history, poetry, rocan capitalist, born in Elizabeth, N. J., His first literary productions were short biographies and other articles for the "Edinburgh Encyclopædia." His career as an author may be said to have begun with the issue in monthly portions of his "Life of Schiller" in the London Magazine, in 1823, this work being enlarged and published separately in a translaa 1825. In 1824 he published ," tion of Legendre's "Geometry with an essay on proportion by himself prefixed. The same year appeared his translation of Goethe's "Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship." He was next engaged in translating specimens of the German romance writers, published in four volumes in 1827. In 1827 he married Miss Jane Bailie Welsh, daughter of a doctor at Haddington, and a lineal descendant of John Knox. After his marriage he resided for a time in Edinburgh, and then withdrew to Craigenputtock, a farm in Dumfriesshire belonging to his wife. Here he wrote a number of critical and biographical articles for various periodicals, and here was written "Sartor Resartus," the most original of his works. The writing of "Sartor Resartus" seems to have been finished in 1831, but the publishers were shy of it, and it was not given to the public till 1833-1834, through the medium of "Fraser's Magazine." The publication of "Sartor" soon made Carlyle famous, and on his removal to London early in 1834 he became a prominent member of a brilliant literary circle embracing John Stuart Mill, Leigh Hunt, John Sterling, Julius Charles and Augustus William Hare, F. D. Maurice, etc. He fixed his abode at Cheyne Row, Chelsea, where his life henceforth was mainly spent. His next work of importance ace was on the "French Revolution," published in 1837. About this time and in one or two subsequent years, he delivered several series of lectures , the most important of these, "On Heroes and Heroworship," being published in 1840. "Chartism," published in 1839, and "Past and Present, in 1843, were small works bearing more or less on the affairs of the time. In 1845 appeared his "Oliver Cromwell's Letters and Speeches, with Elucidations," a work of great research, and brilliantly successful in vindicating the character of the great Protector. In 1850 came out his "Latter-day Pamphlets." This work was very repulsive to many from the exaggeration of its language, and its advocacy of harsh and coercive measures. He next wrote a life of his friend, John Sterling, published in 1851, and regarded as a finished and artistic performance . The largest and most laborious work of his life, " The History of Friedrich II. of Prussia, called Frederick the Great," next appeared, the first two volumes in 1858, the second two in 1862, and the last two in 1865, and after this time little came from his pen. In 1866, having been elected Lord Rector of Edinburgh University, he delivered an installation address to the students "On the Choice of Books." While still in Scotland the sad news reached him that his wife had died suddenly in London. This was a severe blow to Carlyle. Mrs. Carlyle, besides being a woman of exceptional intellect, was a most devoted and affectionate wife. From this time his productions were mostly articles or letters on topics of the day. Toward the end of his life he was offered a government pension and a baronetcy, but declined both. the University of Edinburgh, settling He left the estate of Craigenputtock to that the income from it should form ten bursaries to be annually competed forfive for proficiency in mathematics and five for classics ( including English). Ho had appointed James Anthony Froude his literary executor, who, in conformity with his trust, published "Reminiscences of Thomas Carlyle" (1881); "Thomas Carlyle: the First Forty Years of His Life" (1882); "Letters of Jane Welsh Life in London" (1884). Carlyle died Carlyle" (1883); and "Thomas Carlyle: in Chelsea, Feb. 5, 1881. dance accompanied by singing. Many CARMAGNOLE (kär-man-yō'la), a of the wildest excesses of the French revolution of 1792 were associated with this dance. It was afterward applied to the bombastic reports of the French successes in battle. The name was also bol of patriotism. given to a sort of jacket worn as a sym-