Cavendish
Cavendish names 2 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Cavendish WILLIAM, first Duke of Devonshire
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
WILLIAM, first Duke of Devonshire, a British statesman and Brown Bros. WESTMINSTER ABBEY, LONDON Enc. Vol. 2-p. 388 口 British and Colonial Press ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL, LONDON THE UNFINISHED PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CATHEDRAL OF ST. JOHN THE DIVINE, NEW YORK Keystone View Co. ST. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL, FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK Publishers' Photo Service NOTRE DAME DE PARIS, THE FAMOUS CATHEDRAL SITUATED ON THE ILE DE LA CITE, PARIS Keystone View Company THE CATHEDRAL AT TOLEDO, SPAIN Keystone View Company THE FAMOUS GOTHIC CATHEDRAL AT MILAN, ITALY ST. MARK'S CATHEDRAL, VENICE, ITALY patriot; was born in 1640. On various occasions he distinguished himself by his spirit and valor, and in 1677 began that opposition to the arbitrary measures of the ministers of Charles II. which caused him to be regarded as one of the most determined friends of the liberties of his country. He took an active part in promoting the Revolution, and was one of the first who declared for the Prince of Orange. His services were rewarded with the dignity of duke. He died in 1707.
Cavendish WILLIAM, Duke of Newcastle
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
WILLIAM, Duke of Newcastle; born in 1592. Son of Sir Charles Cavendish, he was made Earl of Newcastle by Charles I. On the approach of hostilities between the crown and Parliament he embraced the royal cause, and was invested with a commission constituting him general of all his majesty's forces raised N. of the Trent, with very ample powers. Through great exertions and the expenditure of large sums from his private fortune he levied a considerable army, with which, for some time, he maintained the King's cause in the N. When the royal cause became hopeless he retired to Holland. He returned after an absence of 18 years, and was rewarded for his services and sufferings with the dignity of duke. He was the author of several mediocre poems and plays, and a treatise on horsemanship. He died in 1676.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
The bare facts in Collier's 1921 sketches still hold: William Cavendish (1640-1707) was made first Duke of Devonshire for backing William of Orange in 1688, and William Cavendish of Newcastle (1592-1676) did bankrupt himself for Charles I in the north. What has moved is the judgement on the second man's household. Collier's calls him the author of "several mediocre poems and plays" and never names his wife, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle, whose prose fiction "The Blazing World" (1666) is now read as one of the earliest works of science fiction and is standard on university reading lists, while his "treatise on horsemanship" is taken seriously as a founding text of classical dressage. The Devonshire line also outlasted its own great houses as private property: Hardwick Hall passed to the National Trust in 1959 and Chatsworth to a charitable trust in 1981, both largely because of death duties.
Written for this edition, 2026.