The Meta-Encyclopedia

Census

2 of the 7 encyclopedias on this shelf carry an entry for Census. Both are reproduced below, so you can see where they agree and where they differ.

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

a periodical enumeration of the people of any state or country, with information regarding sex, age, family, occupation, possessions, religious beliefs, and other details. The original idea of counting the people was for the sake of obtaining the greatest number of men capable of bearing arms, and, secondly, of facilitating the raising of taxes. Such enumerations go back to a remote antiquity. Amasis in Egypt made a census 500 years before Christ. The first chapter of "Numbers" chronicles an enumeration of the Children of Israel for military purposes. King David numbered the people, and it is said that it was contrary to the will of the Lord, and consequently was punished by a plague which carried off 50,000 people (see Book of Kings). Solon at Athens established a census for the purpose of facilitating taxation and classifying the citizens. It is stated that after the time of Servius Tullius, or about 443 B. C., the census was taken every five years for military and tax purposes in Rome. The especial officers who served in this work were called censors. The property of the Roman citizens was registered by means of a census taken under Augustus. It is said that during the Middle Ages religious prejudices prevented the census from being taken, but various cities made attempts at different times to register the number of inhabitants. Thus Nuremberg held an enumeration in 1449 and Strasburg in 1475. Many of the details of these medieval censuses are valuable as showing the property qualifications and other facts regarding life at this time. The ancient church books also contain interesting details regarding marriages, births, and deaths of citizens. In the 18th century censuses began to be made in the more important coun- , in tries of Europe. Thus in Sweden 1748, the first important enumeration of the people took place in 1749, and a special board for that purpose was called into life. Regular censuses were first established in the United States in 1790, in England and France in 1801, in Prussia in 1816, in Holland in 1819, in Sardinia in 1838, in Switzerland in 1841, and in Belgium in 1846. Censuses are now taken in Austria, Belgium, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Russia, Switzerland, the United States of America, India, and most of the British colonies, every ten years; in France and Germany, every five years; in Spain, at irregular intervals, the last having been in 1900. The International Statistical Congress, which consists of eminent statisticians countries, has done much to improve taking of censuses, and now countries, such as Austria, Italy, Prussia, Russia, and the have statistical bureaus for among other things, of controlling the taking of the periodical census. United Kingdom the practice is liament to pass special acts the taking of each census. The United States Census of as its head Edward Dana Durand . The enlisted more than 71,400 employes local enumerators, on June 1, gather the required information through the country from house, and all the information more ulated at Washington by clerks. In the enumeration of 1910 ritory of Hawaii and that of the were included. It was required those on four principal reports, , tion, mortality, manufactures culture, should be published of the 3,000 1912. The salaries amounted and the pay to nearly of the $ 3,000,000 enumerators more than $ 5,855,500, so that of 1910 expenses of the Census to nearly $15,000,000. Census of 1920. The Fourteenth cennial Census was of the date 1920. ulation It; included ( 2d) agriculture in its scope, ( ; ( 3d) drainage and irrigation forest turing; (4th) forestry and prod- , and oil ucts; and (5th) mines, quarries . It is and gas production at least three years were fore all the subjects treated pleted. The cost of the census Cities Akron, O.. .. Alameda, Cal. Albany, N. Y.. Allentown, Pa.... Altoona, Pa... Amsterdam, N. Y. Anderson, Ind. .. Asheville, N. C....... Atlanta, Ga..... .... Atlantic City, N. J... Auburn, N. Y..... .... Augusta, Ga... Aurora, Ill... .... Austin, Tex... ..... Md......... Baltimore, Bangor, Me... Battle Creek, Mich... Bay City, Mich. Bayonne, N. J. Beaumont, Tex.. approximately $20,500,000. Over 90,000 from all enumerators, besides special agents, the clerks, and supervisors, were employed. several In 1925 a special census of manufactures Belgium, will be taken and provision has been of the prod- Switzerland, purpose, made for a biennial census ucts of manufacturing industries. the The population census of continental In United States was completed on Oct. 7, for Par- 1920. The population of the United directing States, as a result of the census, was found to be 105,683,108, compared with 1910 had 91,972,266 for 1910, and 75,994,575 for in the , who 1900. The percentage of increase decade was 14.0 per cent., compared began to with an increase in the previous decade by going of 21 per cent. The large falling off in whole house to the growth of the country as a was tabthan 3,000 as shown by these figures was due chiefly to an almost complete cessation of immigration for more than five years in the terpreceding the taking of the census the Porto Rico January, 1920. In some degree reepidemic of influthat populasult is also due to the and agrienza in 1919 and to the casualties resulting from the World War. by July, clerks The census indicated that the trend of the population from the country to a year was, the city had become greatly accentuated since 1910, and that for the first time the country more than the total amounted in the history of one-half of the population in 1920 lived as defined by the cen- De. in urban territory lived in insus bureau. 51.9 per cent. inhabitants of Jan. 1, corporated places of 2,500 1st including) popco and more, and 48.1 per cent. in rural terpopulation increased manufac ritory. The urban and the in the decade 28.6 per cent., per cent. estimated that rural population 3.1 The following table gives the popula- , accordrequired betion of cities of 25,000 and over were coming to the census of 1920: will be Per Cent. of Increase Population 1900-1910 1910-1920 1910 1920 61.6 201.8 69,067 208,435 42.0 23.2 23,383 28,806 6.5 13.1 .. 100,253 113,344 46.6 41.6 51,913 73,502 33.8 15.7 .. 52,127 60,331 49.4 7.2 .. 31,267 33,524 11.4 32.4 .. 22,476 29,767 27.7 51.9 18,762 28,504 72.3 29.6 154,839 200,616 65.8 9.8 46,150 50,707 14.2 4.4 34,668 36,192 4.1 28.0 41,040 52,548 23.4 22.1 29,807 .. 36,397 34.2 16.8 29,860 34,876 9.7 31.4 558,485 .. 733,826 13.5 4.7 .. 24,803 25,978 36.1 43.1 25,267 36,164 63.5 5.3 45,166 47,554 69.7 38.2 55,545 76,754 118.9 95.8 20,640 40,422 26-Vol. II-Cyc Bellingham Berkeley, Bethlehem Binghamton Birmingham Bloomington Boston, Bridgeport Brockton, Brookline, Buffalo, N. Butte, Cambridge Camden, Canton, Cedar Charleston Charleston Charlotte, Chattanooga Chelsea, Chester, Chicago, Chicopee, Cicero ( Cincinnati Clarksburg Cleveland Clifton, Colorado Columbia Columbus Columbus Council Covington Cranston, Cumberland Dallas, Danville, Davenport Dayton, Decatur, Denver, Des Moines Detroit, Dubuque, Duluth, East East Easton, East Orange East St. Elgin, Ill Elizabeth Elmira, El Paso, Erie, Pa Evanston Evansville Everett, Everett, Fall River Fitchburg Flint, Mich Fort Smith Population Per Cent. of Increase Cities 1900-1910 1910-1920 , Wash. 119.7 24,298 5.2 25,585 Cal ... 40,434 38.2 206.0 56,036 , Pa .... 19.3 12,837 292.3 50,358 , N. Y. 48,443 37.9 22.2 66,800 , Ala .. 132,685 34.4 245.4 178,806 , III. 25,768 10.7 11.5 28,725 Mass ..... 670,585 11.6 19.6 748,060 , Conn .... 102,054 43.7 40.6 143,555 Mass .. 56,878 16.3 42.0 66,254 Mass .... 35.8 39.4 27,792 37,748 Y ..... 19.6 423,715 20.2 506,775 Mont .... 28.5 39,165 6.2 41,611 , Mass. 104,839 14.1 4.6 109,694 N. J ..... 94,538 23.0 24.5 116,309 O .... 50,217 73.4 63.7 87,091 ... Rapids, Ia. 27.9 32,811 38.9 45,566 .. , S. C ... 58,833 5.4 15.5 67,957 ... , W. Va. 22,996 107.2 72.2 39,608 N. C ... 34,014 36.2 88.0 46,338 , Tenn. 47.9 44,604 29.8 57,895 .. Mass ...... -4.8 32,452 33.1 43,184 .. Pa .... 38,537 50.6 13.4 58,030 Ill ... 2,185,283 28.7 23.6 • 2,701,705 Mass .. 25,401 32.5 42.6 36,214 town), Ill .... 14,557 209.1 -10.7 44,995 , O .. 363,591 10.4 11.6 401,247 , W. Va ..... 127.2 9,201 202.9 27,869 , O .. 560,663 42.1 46.9 796,841 N. J .... 123.0 121.8 11,869 26,470 Springs, Col. 37.9 29,078 3.5 30,105 , S. C ...... 24.7 26,319 42.6 37,524 , Ga .. 20,554 51.4 16.7 31,125 ... , O ... 44.6 181,511 30.6 237,031 .. Bluffs, Ia .... 29,292 23.5 13.5 36,162 , Ky ....... 53,270 7.2 24.1 57,121 R. I ... 39.3 58.2 21,107 29,407 ... , Md .... 27.5 21,839 36.6 29,837 .. Tex. 116.0 158,976 92,104 72.6 ..... Ill .. 70.4 27,871 33,776 21.1 ... , Ia ... 43,028 31.8 22.1 56,727 .. O ... 36.6 152,559 116,577 30.9 Ill ... 31140 50.0 43,818 40.7 31,140 Colo. 59.4 213,381 256,491 20.1 , Ia .... 39.0 86,368 46.4 126,468 Mich. 63.0 993,678 465,766 113.4 Ia .. 39,141 38,494 1.7 6.1 Minn. 48.1 98,917 78,466 26.1 Chicago, Ind. 459.9 35,967 19,098 88.3 Cleveland, O. 232.9 27,292 9,179 197.3 Pa .... 13.0 33,813 28,523 18.5 , N. J. 59.8 50,710 47.5 34,371 ... Louis, Ill. 97.4 58.547 14.0 66,767 ... 15.8 27,454 25,976 5.7 , N. J. 40.8 95,783 73,409 30.3 N. Y. 37,176 21.9 4.2 45 393 Tex .... 77,560 39,279 146.9 97.4 ... 66,525 26.2 93,372 40.4 , Ill .. 37,234 24,978 49.0 29.7 , Ind ... 69,647 18.0 85,264 22.4 40,120 Mass. 33.484 19.8 37.6 24,814 216.6 27,644 Wash ....... 11.4 13.8 , Mass ... 119,295 120,485 1.0 20.0 , Mass. 37,826 41,029 8.4 38,550 187.6 194.2 . 91,599 , Ark. 23,975 20.2 106.9 28,870 Population Cities Fort Wayne, Ind. 86,549 Fort Worth, Tex. 106,482 45,086 Fresno, Cal. Galveston, Tex. 44,255 55,378 Gary, Ind. Grand Rapids, Mich. 137,634 Green Bay, Wis. 31,017 Hagerstown, Md. 28,064 Hamilton, O.. 39,675 Hammond, Ind. 36,004 Hamtramck (village), Mich.. 48,615 Harrisburg, Pa. 75,917 Hartford, Conn. 138,036 Haverhill, Mass. 53,884 Hazleton, Pa... 32,277 Highland Park, Mich. 46,499 Hoboken, N. J.. 68,166 Holyoke, Mass. 60,203 Honolulu, H. I.. 83,327 Houston, Tex.. 138,076 Huntington, W. Va. 50,177 Indianapolis, Ind. 314,194 25,480 Irvington, N. J. son. Mich 48,374 Jackson, Jacksonville, Fla. 91,558 38,917 Jamestown, N. Y. Jersey City, N. J. 298,103 67,327 Johnstown, Pa. 38,442 Joliet, Ill.. 29,902 Joplin, Mo. 48,487 Kalamazoo, Mich. 101,177 Kansas City, Kan. 324,410 Kansas City, Mo. 26,724 Kearny, N. J. 40,472 Kenosha, Wis. Kingston, N. Y. 26,688 77,818 Knoxville, Tenn. Kokomo, Ind. 30,067 30,421 La Crosse, Wis. Lakewood, O... 41,732 53,150 Lancaster, Pa. Lansing, Mich. 57,327 Lawrence, Mass. 94,270 Lewiston, Me.. 31,791 41,534 Lexington, Ky. Lima, O. 41,326 Lincoin, Neb. 54,948 Little Rock, Ark. 65,142 55,593 Long Beach, Cal. 37,295 Lorain, O.. 576,673 Los Angeles, Cal. Louisville, Ky. 234,891 112,759 Lowell, Mass. 30,070 Lynchburg, Va. 99,148 Lynn, Mass. 46,781 McKeesport, Pa. 52,995 Macon, Ga.. 38,378 Madison, Wis.... 49,103 Malden, Mass. 78,384 Manchester, N. H. 27,824 Mansfield, O.. Marion, O... 27,891 39,038 Medford, Mass. 162,351 Memphis, Tenn... 34,764 Meriden, Conn... Per Cent. of Increase 1900-1910 1910-1920 41.7 35.4 63,933 174.7 45.2 73,312 99.6 79.2 24,892 -2.1 19.7 36,981 229.6 16,802 .... 28.6 22.3 112,571 35.1 22.9 25,236 21.5 70.0 16,507 47.5 12.5 35,279 69.1 72.1 20,925 3,559 1,266.0 .... 27.9 18.3 64,186 23.9 39.6 98,915 18.7 44,115 22.1 78.9 25,452 26.8 864.9 1,028.6 4,120 18.5 -3.1 70,324 26.3 4.3 57,730 32.8 59.7 52,183 76.6 75.2 78,800 161.4 61.0 31,161 38.1 34.5 233,650 126.0 114.5 11,877 24.8 53.9 31,433 103.0 58.7 57,699 36.7 24.3 31,297 29.7 11.2 267,779 54.4 21.3 55,482 18.1 10.8 34,670 23.2 -6.9 32,073 61.6 23.9 39,437 60.1 82,331 22.9 51.7 30.6 248,381 71.2 43.2 18,659 84.1 89.4 21,371 5.6 25,908 3.0 11.4 114.1 36,346 60.3 76.8 17,010 5.3 -0.2 30,417 352.5 15,181 174.9 13.9 12.5 47,227 89.4 31,229 83.6 37.3 9.8 85,892 10.5 26,247 21.1 33.1 18.3 35,099 40.4 35.4 30,508 9.5 24.9 43,973 19.9 41.5 45,941 690.8 212.2 17,809 80.2 29.1 28,883 211.5 80.7 319,198 9.4 4.9 223,928 11.9 6.1 106,294 56.1 29,494 1.6 30.4 11.0 89,336 24.7 7.7 42,694 74.7 30.3 40,665 33.2 50.3 25,531 31.9 10.6 44,404 22.9 70,063 11.9 17.7 34.0 20,768 53.7 53.0 18,232 26.9 23,150 68.6 28.1 23.8 131,105 12.2 9.5 27,265 Miami, Fla Milwaukee Minneapolis Mobile, Ala Moline, Ill Montclair, Montgomery Mt. Vernon Muncie, Muskegon, Muskogee, Nashua, Nashville, Newark, Newark, New Bedford New Britain New Newburgh Newcastle New Haven New London New Orleans Newport, Newport, Newport New Rochelle Newton, New York Niagara Norfolk, Norristown Norwalk, Norwich, Oakland, Oak Park Ogden, Oklahoma Omaha, Orange, Oshkosh, Pasadena, Passaic, Paterson, Pawtucket Pensacola Perth Petersburg Philadelphia Phoenix, Pittsburgh Pittsfield, Plainfield Pontiac, Port Huron Portland, Portland, Portsmouth Portsmouth outh Poughkeepsie Providence Pueblo, Quincy, Quincy, Per Cent. of Increase Population Cities 1900-1910 1910-1920 ...... 225.5 5,471 440.1 29,571 , Wis. 373,857 31.0 457,147 22.3 , Minn. 301,408 48.7 380,582 26.3 .. 51,521 33.9 16.8 60,777 .. 24,199 26.9 40.3 30,734 N. J .. 21,550 54.3 33.7 28,810 , Ala 38,136 14.0 25.7 43,464 , N. Y ... 30,919 45.7 38.2 42,726 Ind .... 24,005 52.2 14.6 36,524 .. Mich. 24,062 52.0 15.6 36,570 Okla. 25,278 19.8 494.2 30,277 N. H. 8.8 26,005 9.1 28,379 Tenn. 110,364 7.2 36.5 118,342 N. J ..... 347,469 19.2 41.2 414,524 O ... 25,404 5.2 39.9 26,718 , Mass. 54.8 96,652 25.4 121,217 , Conn. 68.9 43,916 35.1 59,316 Brunswick, N. J .. 23,388 16.9 40.2 32,779 , N. Y ...... 11.5 27,805 9.2 30,366 , Pa ..... 36,280 23.9 28.0 44,938 133,605 , Conn ..... 21.6 23.7 162,537 19,659 , Conn ..... 30.7 12.0 25,688 339,075 14.2 , La .... 18.1 387,219 30,309 -3.3 7.1 Ky. 29,317 27,149 11.4 21.0 R. I .... 30,255 20,205 2.9 76.2 News, Va .. 35,596 , N. Y. 28,826 25.4 96.1 36,213 Mass .. 39,806 15.7 18.5 46,054 , N. Y ... 4,766,883 38.7 17.9 5,620,048 56.5 Falls, N. Y. 30,445 66.7 50,760 Va ... 67,452 44.7 71.6 115,777 , Pa ...... 25.2 27,875 15.9 32,319 Conn .. 25.2 15,922 74.0 27,700 Conn. 14.5 28,219 5.2 29,685 Cal .. 124.3 150,174 44.1 216,261 ( village), Ill. 19,444 104.8 39,858 Utah. 56.8 25,580 28.2 32,804 City, Okla. 539.7 64,205 42.1 91,295 Neb. 54.4 21.0 124,096 191601 191,601 N. J .. 29,630 12.3 22.7 33,268 Wis .. 33,062 16.9 0.3 33,162 Cal. 232.2 49.7 30,291 45,354 N. J ... 97.2 54,773 16.5 63,841 19.4 N. J .. 125,600 8.2 135,875 , R. I ...... 24.5 51,622 31.6 64,248 99.999 , Fla .. 35.0 29.5 22,982 31,035 Amboy, N. J ... 29.8 81.5 32,121 41,707 , Va .... 28.5 10.6 24,127 31,012 , Pa .... 19.7 1,549,008 17.7 • 1,823,779 Ariz ... 100.8 160.9 11,134 29,053 , Pa. 18.2 533,905 10.2 588,343 Mass. 47.6 30.0 32,121 41,763 , N. J. 33.7 34.8 20,550 27,700 Mich ... 48.8 135.8 14,532 34,273 37.5 -1.5 , Mich ... 18,863 25,944 Me .. 16.8 18.3 58,571 69,272 129.2 Ore. 207,214 24.6 258,288 31.4 , O. 40.6 23,481 33,011 , Va. 90.5 63.9 33,190 54,387 , N. Y. 16.3 25.3 27,936 35,000 , R. I ..... 27.8 5.9 224,326 237,031 57.7 Colo .. 44,395 -3.3 43,050 0.9 Ill ... 91.7 36,587 35,978 36.6 32,642 46.7 Mass ..... 47,876 Racine, Wis Reading, Revere, Richmond, Richmond, Roanoke, Rochester, Rockford, Rock Island Rome, N. Sacramento Saginaw, St. Joseph St. Louis, St. Paul ul., Salem, M Salt Lake San Antonio San Diego San Francisco San Jose, Savannah, Schenectady Scranton, Seattle, Sheboygan Shreveport Sioux City Sioux Falls Somerville South Bend Spokane, Springfield Springfield Springfield Springfield Stamford, Steubenville Stockton, Superior, Syracuse, Tampa, Tacoma, Taunton, Terre Toledo, O Topeka, Trenton, Troy, N. Tulsa, Utica, N. Waco, Waltham Warren, Washington Vaterbury Wat Waterloo Watertown West West New Wheeling Wichita, Wichita Wilkes - Per Cent. of Increase Population 1900-1910 1910-1920 Cities 30.6 54.2 38,002 58,593 .. 21.7 12.2 96,071 107,784 Pa ... 75.3 58.2 18,219 28,823 Mass .. 22.5 19.9 22,324 26,765 Ind. 50.1 34.5 127,628 171,667 Va .. 62.2 45.8 34,874 50,842 Va .. 34.2 35.6 218,149 295,750 N. Y. 46.2 44.6 45,401 65,651 Ill .. 24.8 44.6 24,335 35,177 , Ill. 33.6 28.5 20,497 Y ..... 26,341 52.6 47.3 44,696 , Cal. 65,908 19.3 22.6 50,510 Mich. 61,903 -24.8 0.7 77,403 , Mo ....... 77,939 19.4 12.5 687,029 Mo .... 772,897 31.7 9.2 214,744 Minn .... 234,698 21.5 -2.7 43,697 Mass.. 42,529 73.3 27.3 92,777 City, Utah. 118,110 81.2 67.0 96,614 , Tex. 161,379 123.6 88.7 39,578 , Cal. 74,683 21.6 21.9 416,912 , Cal. 506,676 34.6 36.8 28,946 Cal .. 39,642 19.9 28.0 65,064 Ga .. 83,252 129.9 21.8 72,826 , N. Y .... 88,723 27.3 6.1 129,867 Pa ..... 137,783 194.0 33.1 237,194 Wash .. 315,312 15.0 17.3 26,398 , Wis. 30,955 75.0 56.6 28,015 , La ....... 44.4 43,874 48.9 47,828 , Ia ..... 37.3 71,227 78.6 14,094 , S. D ....... 25.3 25,202 20.5 77,236 , Mass ..... 49.1 93,091 32.2 53,684 , Ind .... 183.3 70,983 104,402 Wash. 51.3 14.5 104,437 51,678 , Ill. 43.3 59,183 45.7 .... 88,926 ..... , Mass ... 51.3 129,614 12.6 .. 35,201 , Mo. 22.7 39,631 29.7 46,921 , O .. 57.1 60,840 39.6 28,836 Conn. 56.0 27.3 40,067 23,391 , O. 32.8 73.3 28,508 23,253 Cal .. 29.9 -1.9 40,296 40,384 Wis .. 26.6 39,671 25.1 137,249 N. Y ......... 138.5 35.7 171,717 37,782 Fla .. 122.0 15.8 51,608 83,743 Wash .... 10.4 96,965 8.4 34,259 Mass. 58.6 37,137 13.6 58,157 Haute, Ind. 27.8 66,083 44.3 168,497 .. 243,164 30.0 14.5 43,684 Kan. 50,022 32.1 23.2 96,815 N. J ... 119,289 26.6 -6.2 76,813 Y. 72,013 1,208.1 296.4 18,182 Okla. 72,075 32.0 26.5 74,419 Y. 94,156 27.7 45.7 26,425 Tex .... 38,500 18.5 11.1 27,834 , Mass ...... 30,915 29.9 144.1 11,081 O ... 27,050 18.8 32.2 331,069 , D. C ......... 437,571 59.5 25.0 .. . ' Conn .... 73,141 91,715 112.2 35.7 23,693 , Ia ... 36,230 23.2 17.0 26,730 , N. Y. 31,285 53.3 13.2 35,403 Hoboken, N. J .. 40,074 157.5 120.7 13,560 York ( town), N. J. 29,926 7.1 30.5 41,641 , W. Va ... 56,208 112.6 37.5 52,450 Kan .... 42,217 230.6 388.8 8,200 Falls, Tex ..... 40,079 29.7 10.0 105 67,105 Barre, Pa .... 73.833 .... Cities Williamsport, Pa.. 36,198 Wilmington, Del. 110,168 Wilmington, N. C.. 33,372 Winston-Salem, N. C.... 48,395 Woonsocket, R. I.... 43,496 Worcester, Mass... 179,754 Yonkers, N. Y.... 100,176 York, Pa.... 47,512 Youngstown, ........ 132,358 Zanesville, O.... 29,569

Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)

a count of the people. The Constitution of the United States provides that an actual enumeration of inhabitants shall be made every ten years. A census was taken in 1790, and one has been taken at the end of each succeeding ten years. The first census was taken by the United States marshals, and was little more than a count of the people. The compiling and elaborating of statistics now requires the employment of a permanent corps of clerks and a director of the census. The eleventh census cost nearly $12,000,000. The twelfth census, taken in 1900, has been published in ten large quarto volumes. In addition to statistics, these volumes are packed with a large amount of valuable historical matter relative to the various domestic animals and the chief manufactures. The first census of which we have any historical mention is that taken of the Jews by David. A prejudice existed among the ancients against the practice. It was believed that counting the people was an impious act likely to be punished by a visitation of the plague. In Sweden, England, and other countries, regular systems of taking a census have grown out of former computations of parish statistics furnished by clergymen and others. The first regular English census was taken in 1800. Most civilized countries now take a census every ten years. In the United States the general government offers to share half the expense of a state census, if taken midway, that is, in the year ending in five, as 1905, 1915, 1925, etc. See Center Of Population: