Chamberlain
Chamberlain names 7 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Chamberlain JOSEPH, an Engstatesman
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
JOSEPH, an Engstatesman, born in London in July, JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN He was educated at University School, and entered factory at Birmingham, from however, he retired in 1874. He had by this time acquired considerable from the celebrity as a Radical politician. In 1868 vocate these he was appointed a member of the Bir- the Liberal mingham town - council, was mayor of tariff - reform Birmingham from 1873 to 1876, and feated in chairman of the Birmingham school- elected to board from 1874 to 1876. After unsuccessfully contesting Sheffield against Mr. Roebuck in 1874, he was returned for Birmingham without opposition in June, 1876. He soon made his mark in Parliament, and on the return of the Liberals to power in 1880 he was appointed president of the Board of Trade, with a seat in the cabinet. To Mr. Chamberlain's exertions was due the passing of the Bankruptcy Bill, but his efforts to amend the merchant shipping acts were unsuccessful. Meanwhile his influence was increasing rapidly outside the House; he came to be regarded as the leader of the extreme Radical party. During the last hours of Mr. Gladstone's government he was understood to be opposed to the renewal of the Irish Crimes Act; and during the general election of 1886 he was most severe in his strictures on the moderate Liberals, and produced an "unauthorized" program (in opposition to that of Mr. Gladstone), which included the readjustment of taxation, free schools, and the creation of allotments by compulsory purchase. He was returned by the western division of Birmingham. On Feb. 1, UNITED STATES, 1886, he became president of the Local Government Board, but resigned on March 26, because of his strong objections to Mr. Gladstone's Home Rule measures for Ireland, and after the "Round Table" conference had failed to reunite the Liberal party he assumed an attitude of uncompromising hostility to his old leader's new policy, and was bitterly assailed by Home Rulers as a renegade. He became leader of the Liberal-Unionists when the Duke of Devonshire went to the Upper House. Lord Salisbury sent him to Washington as commissioner on the Canadian fishery dispute, and in 1895 he was made Colonial minister in the Unionist Cabinet. As such he had, besides sharing the responsibilities of his colleagues, to face the troubles in South Washington. Africa, and to cherish closer fellow-feelthe Research De ing with the Colonies, as by welcoming the colonial ministers and colonial troops to London at the queen's "Diamond Jubilee" (1897), and by concessions to Canadian commercial autonomy. He carried the Australian Federation measure in Parliament (1900), and later had to face opposition from within the Liberal party. In 1903 he brought forward proposals for a system of preferential tariffs with the Colonies and advocated the imposition of a tax on foreign goods. He resigned Cabinet in 1903 in order to adproposals. He reorganized - Unionist party in 1904 as a party. The party was de- 1906, but Chamberlain was rethe House of Commons. Ill health prevented active participation in politics after 1906, but he continued as a member of the House until 1914, in which year he died. In 1888 he was married to Mary, daughter of William C. Endicott, Secretary of War in President Cleveland's first administration.
Chamberlain JOSHUA LAW- RENCE, an American army officer and educator
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
JOSHUA LAW- RENCE, an American army officer and educator. He was born in Brewer, Me., Sept. 8, 1828; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1852, and entered the volunteer service of the Union in 1862, was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General by General Grant, for bravery at Petersburg, 1864; became a Major-General in 1865, and received the colors of Lee's army on its surrender. He was six times wounded. After the war he returned to the professorship at Bowdoin College which he had previously held. In 1867-1871 was governor of Maine, and in 1871-1883 was president of Bow doin, resigning to engage in business in Portland, Me. He died in 1914. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE an organization formed in 1912 for the purpose of encouraging trade and commercial intercourse between the States, Territories, and insular possessions of the United States, and with foreign nations. Its aim is to coördinate into an effective national body the various civic, commercial, and trade organizations of the country, and to increase their efficiency and extend their usefulness. Its membership includes business men and commercial associations in all States of the Union and the possessions of the United States, and includes also American Chambers of Commerce in Great Britain, Germany, France, Turkey, China, Brazil, Belgium, Mexico, and Spain. National headquarters are maintained in Its departments include Department, Organization Service Department, and Field Department. An official organ, entitled "The Nation's Business," is published monthly.
Chamberlain an officer charged with the direction and management of
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
an officer charged with the direction and management of the private apartments of a monarch or nobleman. an. The lord-chamberlain or lord-great-chamberlain of Great Britain is the sixth officer of the crown. His functions, always important, have varied in different reigns. Among them are the dressing and attending on the king at his coronation; the care of the palace of Westminster (Houses of Parliament), and attending upon peers at their creation, etc. The office of lordchamberlain of the household is quite distinct from that of the great-cham- 27-Vol. II-Cyc berlain, and is changed with the administration. This officer has the control of all parts of the household (except the ladies of the queen's bed-chamber) which are not under the direction of the lordsteward, the groom of the stole, or the master of the horse. The king's (queen's) chaplains, physicians, surgeons, etc., as well as the royal tradesmen, are by his appointment; he is also the licenser of plays. He has under him a vice-chamberlain.
Chamberlain (JOSEPH) AUS- TEN
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
(JOSEPH) AUS- TEN, an English public official born in Birmingham in 1863, the the son of the late Joseph Chamberlain. He was educated at Rugby and Trinity College, Cambridge, and at once entered official life. From 1895 to 1900 he was Civil Lord of the Admiralty, and from 1900 to 1902 was Financial Secretary of the Treasury. He was Postmaster-General in 1902-1913, and Chancellor of the Excheq- D. S. M. uer from 1903 to 1906. In 1913 he was appointed Chairman of the Royal Commission on Indian Finance and Cur - lish rency. He was Secretary of State for India from 1915 to 1917, resigning in the latter year. From April, 1918, he was a member of the Coalition War Cabinet. He was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in January, 1919. He was successively elected to Parliament from East Worcestershire from 1892 to 1914, and from Birmingham, West, since 1914.
Chamberlain GEORGE EARLE, an American legislator
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
GEORGE EARLE, an American legislator, born near Natchez, Miss., Jan. 1, 1854. He graduated from Washington and Lee University in 1876. In December of that year he removed to Oregon, which he has since made his home. He taught school and practiced law until 1880, when he was elected to the State Legislature. He was appointed State Attor- 1836. his father's ney - General in 1891 and was twice College elected Governor, in 1902 and 1906. On screw Jan. 19, 1909, he was elected to the which, United States Senate and re-elected in 1914. As chairman of the Senate Committee on Military Affairs he was an influential factor in the prosecution of the World War. Though a member of the Democratic party, his views on preparedness brought him into conflict with President Wilson.
Chamberlain JOHN LOOMIS, an American army officer
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
JOHN LOOMIS, an American army officer; born at New York, Jan. 20, 1858. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1880. In the Spanish-American War he served as major of the United States Volunteers with the Seventh Army Corps. He had five years' service in the Philippines. He was appointed Major-General Oct. 6, 1917. His later service was in the department of the Inspector-Gener U. S. A., and, in his capacity as Inspector-General, he made a tour of inspection of the A. E. F. in France in 1918. He was awarded the
Chamberlain BASIL HALL, an English Japanese scholar
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
BASIL HALL, an English Japanese scholar; born Southsea, Oct. 18, 1850. He devoted his life to the study of Japanese customs and literature and was professor of Japanese and philology at the Imperial University of Tokio. Among his publications were "The Classical Poetry of the Japanese" (1880); "Translation of the Kojiki" (1883); "A Romanized Japanese Reader" (1886); "Language, Mythology and Geographical Nomenclature of Japan in the Light of Aino Studies" (1887); "Luchuan Grammar" (1895); "Things Japanese" (1890); "Japanese Poetry" (1910).
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's in 1921 gave most of its space to Joseph Chamberlain, the Birmingham radical turned Colonial Secretary who broke with Gladstone over Irish Home Rule and resigned in 1903 to campaign for tariff preference with the colonies; it could not know that his sons would eclipse him, Austen sharing the 1925 Nobel Peace Prize for the Locarno treaties and Neville becoming the prime minister of Munich in 1938, or that Britain would finally adopt protective duties in 1932 with Neville at the Treasury. The other Chamberlain here, Joshua Lawrence of Brewer, Maine, is described as a Bowdoin professor, governor and college president who received the colors at Lee's surrender, with no mention of the action for which he is now chiefly remembered: his defense of Little Round Top at Gettysburg in 1863, made famous by Michael Shaara's novel The Killer Angels (1974) and the 1993 film Gettysburg, so that today he is far better known in America than the English statesman. The court office of chamberlain survives, but the Lord Chamberlain lost his power to license plays in 1968, ending centuries of theatre censorship. The Chamber of Commerce entry, spliced into these columns by the scanner, describes a body founded in 1912 that is now one of the largest lobbying organizations in Washington.
Written for this edition, 2026.