Chiang-Hsi
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
or Kiang-Si, an inland province of China. It is bounded N. by Hu-Pei (Hu-Peh) and Ngan-Hui (An- Hui); E. by Cheh-Chiang (Cheh-Kiang) Kien) and Fu-Chien (Fo-Kien or Fuh- ; S. by Kwang-Tung; and W. by Kwang- Si and Hu-Nan (Ho-Nan). The area is 69,480 square miles. Pop. about 17,- 000,000. Capital, Nan-Chang. The province contains the treaty port of Kiu- Kiang (pop. about 55,000), on the Yangor Southern tze-Kiang. The Nan Ling half of Chi- Mountains traverse the E. ang-Hsi, and in the N. is the large inland establake of Po-Yang-Hu. Here are lished famous manufactories of porcelain. The principal river, aside from the Yang-tze-Kiang, is the Kin-Kiang. The province produces tea and silk, besides mineral deporcelain, and has important posits. CHIANG-SU or KIANG-SU, an imof China portant maritime province proper, proper, bounded N. by the province of Tung; E. by the Yellow Sea; S. Shan- Chiang, and W. by the province of Chenby the provinces of Ngan-Hwei (Anhas an Hui) and Ho-Nan. Chiang-Su area of 38,600 square miles and a population estimated at 16,000,000. The great commercial importance of this province is denoted by its possession of four treaty ports: Shanghai, Nanking, Su Su-Chow, and Chin-Kiang. Chiangwas in fact the first province opened to foreign commerce by means of a treaty port. It is traversed almost its whole Canal, the ancient length by the Grand Chinese system of waterways. The Yang-tze-Kiang empties into the sea through this province and enables it trade of all southern to control the China. There are large cotton mills. touch Vessels from all parts of the world at SHANGHAI (q. v.). The capital of the formerly 4 province is Nanking, which was the capital of the Chinese Empire. The had its Tai-Ping rebellion of 1853-1854 headquarters in this province. Chiang- Su is the center of Chinese manufacturing industries, especially in textiles. Commercially, the province is controlled by the English, who have invested largely in railways, mills, and government concessions.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's spelled these provinces Chiang-Hsi and Chiang-Su; in the pinyin romanization official since 1958 they are Jiangxi and Jiangsu, and Kiu-Kiang, Nan-Chang and Nanking are Jiujiang, Nanchang and Nanjing. The treaty ports whose "great commercial importance" the entry stressed were abolished during and after the Second World War, and Shanghai, described here as a possession of Jiangsu, has been a separate municipality under central control since 1927. Jiangxi became the heartland of Chinese Communism soon after this was written — the Nanchang uprising of 1927, Mao's Jiangxi Soviet at Ruijin, and the departure of the Long March in October 1934 — while Nanjing served as the Nationalist capital and suffered the massacre of 1937. Populations given as about 17,000,000 and 16,000,000 now stand near 45 million in Jiangxi and about 85 million in Jiangsu, one of China's richest provinces; Jingdezhen still makes the "famous manufactories of porcelain," and Poyang Hu is still China's largest freshwater lake, though it now shrinks sharply in drought years.
Written for this edition, 2026.