Cleveland
Cleveland names 4 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below. 1 of them is described by more than one encyclopedia.
Cleveland city, county-seat and port of entry of Cuyahoga co.
Described by 2 of the 6 encyclopedias.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
city, county-seat and port of entry of Cuyahoga co., O.; the first city in population and importance in Ohio. It is built on both sides of the Cuyahoga river at its mouth, on the S. shore of Lake Erie. The city has a harbor at the mouth of the river, giving safe anchorage for a large number of ships, secured by artificial breakwaters; for the coast, which here runs about N E., is naturally an open one. Great breakwaters run out on each side of the river at its mouth, forming commodious Eigandharbors 1910-5618903 261,323; (1900) 381,768; 560,663; (1920) 796,841. The greater part of the city is on a plain elevated about 100 feet above the lake, and is laid out with much taste, especially the public squares and streets. The latter are wide and well paved, and an abundance of elms and other shade trees has given the city the name of "The Forest City." City." The two portions of the city are united by a stone viaduct, spanning the river and valley, completed in 1878, and having a length of 3,211 feet. Three more viaducts connect various parts of the city and form a belt elevated roadway. The area of the city is 56.65 miles. There are 946 miles of streets and 834.3 miles of sewers. The Street Railway Company operates 412.71 miles of track. The city is served by seven railroad lines. There is a municipal electric lighting plant and 985 miles of water mains There is an excellent police force of 807 men, and the fire department has 604 employees. There are several public parks, among them Gordon, of about 120 acres, on the lake shore; Wade, of 83 acres, on which $500,000 has been expended, making it one of the finest parks in the W. The total park and boulevard acreage exceeds 2,400 acres. The United States Building, including the Custom House, Postoffice and Federal Courts, occupy one building. The Federal Building is to be erected within a few years. The two County Court Houses, the City Hall, and Case Library Building, containing the Case Library, are notable structures. Other important buildings are those of the Western Reserve Historical Society, Western Reserve University, Case School of Applied Science, and the Chamber of Commerce, and the Hickox, Garfield, New England, Rose, and Williamson office buildings. The city has an extensive commerce and excellent harbor facilities. There are 14.2 miles of lake frontage protected by a breakwater over five miles long which has been constructed at an expenditure of $7,000,000. It is the natural seaport of the Lake Superior iron district and the Middle States coal region. The total movement of freight in 1920 was 29,038,554 net tons. The imports for 1920 were valued at $10,- Bank clearings for 1920 were $6,877,- 387,037. The Federal census of 1914 placed the total value of goods manufactured in Cleveland at $342,418,052. The capital invested in 1920 was $312,967,111. The number of industrial establishments was 2,346, and the salaries and wages paid amounted to $92,909,888. The principal products are steel, iron, foundry and machine-shop products, meat packing, clothing. clothing, paint and varnish, stoves and and furnaces, printing and publishing, electrical machinery, tobacco manufactures, cutlery and tools, furniture and refrigerators, bread and patent medicines. Cleveland ranks as one of the most important lake ports. In the fiscal year 1920 the imports of merchandise aggregated in value $18,628,926, and the exports $27,993,181. Finances. In 1919 the net funded debt of the city was $55,068,850. The total realty assessed valuation in 1920 was $1,073,842,860. The total personally assessed valuation for 1920 was $679,- 403,330. The tax rate was 70. The budget for the year 1919 was $6,347,200. On Oct. 6, 1900, there were 16 National banks in operation. The exchanges at the United States Clearing-house in the year ending Sept. 30, 1919, aggregated $5,104,301,000. Education. Marked attention is given to public instruction. There are 127 public elementary schools, with 3,665 teachers and 95,582 pupils, fourteen public high schools, nine junior high schools, and ten parochial high schools. For higher education there are the Western Reserve University, the Case School of Applied Science, Saint Ignatius College, Cleveland College of Law, and numerous art, music, and commercial schools. Cleveland was the first city west of the Allegheny Mountains to establish a free high school, on July 13, 1846. The library contains over 600,000 volumes, and has numerous branches. Churches. The city contains 425 churches, many of them housed in imposing and beautiful structures. These include: Roman Catholic, 70; Baptist, 32; Congregational, 31; Episcopal, 25; Methodist-Episcopal, 53; Presbyterian, 27; Disciple, 11; the rest pertaining to other denominations. History. Cleveland was settled in 1796, under the direction of General Moses Cleveland, agent of the Connecticut Land Company. It was situated in the "Western Reserve" of the State of Connecticut, and its early settlers were mostly from that State. It became a port of entry in 1805, though it had then rang population. In 1811 the first library, and in 1816 the first bank, were started. The first steam vessel was built in 1824. In 1827 the Ohio canal was opened to Akron, in 1832 to the Ohio river. The city then began to grow rapidly; but its era of great prosperity did not begin to be attained until after about 1860, when the coal and iron industry began to be developed. The river and the commodious harbor, together with the central situation of the city, respecting coal, iron, and petroleum, give it commanding position with respect to trade.
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
a lake port of northern Ohio. It is situated on a level beach, on both sides of the Cuyahoga River, 115 feet above the surface of Lake Erie. The mouth of the river has been dredged and affords a capacious harbor, having several miles of wharfage. Its area is enlarged and protected by an immense outlying breakwater or dyke of masonry, constructed by the general government at an expense of $8,000,000. The valley of the river is filled with warehouses, depots, coal sheds, and grimy factories. The two parts of the city are united by two enormous overhead viaducts or elevated roadways that pass from bluff to bluff across the valley. The city is the metropolis of the Western Reserve . It was named for General Moses Cleaveland, its founder. It was intended originally to be the capital of a state to be called New Connecticut. It was laid out 1796. The first library was started in 1811; the first bank in 1816; the first newspaper in 1818; in 1824 the first steamer was launched from its shipyard; in 1828 the bar was cut away from the entrance to the river; in 1851 the first railroad was built. The growth of the city is due to its manufactures and commerce. Iron ores from Minnesota and Pennsylvania, and coal from Ohio, make Cleveland one of the great iron manufacturing cities of the Union. It leads in nails and wire, and is second in hardware. The most important shipyards on the Great Lakes are here. The foundry and machine shop products are rated at nearly $50,000,000 a year. The bulk of the bolts, rivets, nuts, and washers sold in a western hardware store are made here. Next to iron work, come meat-packing, clothing, beer, petroleum and paint. The Ohio Canal terminates at Cleveland and brings in a large amount of coal and agricultural products. Counting iron and copper, Cleveland is the greatest ore market in the world. Western grain goes largely to Buffalo. Western ore is marketed chiefly at Cleveland. It is a great market for petroleum and lumber. About fifty lines of lake steamers make the city their headquarters. Cleveland has been noted from the first for the intelligence and taste of its inhabitants. An excellent system of public elementary and high schools is reinforced by the Western Reserve University and the Case School of Applied Science. A public library contains 200,000 volumes. The various college libraries have as many more. Population in 1900, 381,768; in 1909, 500,000. See Garfield ; Western Reserve ; Erie
Cleveland GROVER, an American statesman
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
GROVER, an American statesman; twice President of the United States; born in Caldwell, Essex co., N. J., March 18, 1837; son of a Presbyterian clergyman. He studied law, settled in Buffalo, Buffalo, and in 1863 became assistant district attorney of Erie county, N. Y. After becoming in succe succession sheriff and mayor of Buffalo, he was chosen governor of New York in 1882. In 1884 he received the Democratic nomination for the Presidency, and was GROVER CLEVELAND elected, defeating James G. Blaine. He was renominated in June, 1888, but was aefeated by Benjamin Harrison, Nov. 6 following. After a successful law practice of four years he was again nominated by the Democratic National Convention of 1892, in spite of the opposition of the delegation from his own State, and elected by very large majorities. Some of the measures of his administration were: The settlement of the Venezuelan boundary question with Great Britain; the consolidating of postoffices in large centers so as to increase the scope of the civil-service rules; and most notably the conclusion in January. 1897, of a general arbitration treaty with Great Britain, which, however, was rejected by the Senate. Possessed of great independence of character and persistence in carrying out policies once determined upon, he often aroused criticism and hostility in the ranks of his own party. On the other hand, these qualities won him admiration in many quarters. During 1896-1897 he maintained an attitude of friendliness for Spain in the midst of great popular clamor in behalf of the Cuban cause, ase, offering the friendly services of the United States in his last annual message, in composing the differences between Spain and Cuba on a basis of home rule. After his retirement from the Presidency he lived at Princeton, N. J. He was made a trustee of Princeton University, where he lectured at times. Some of his lectures formed the basis of his book, "Presidential Problems" (1904). He died June 24, 1908.
Cleveland FREDERICK AL- BERT, an American economist
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
FREDERICK AL- BERT, an American economist; born in Sterling, Ill., March 17, 1865. He graduated from De Pauw University in 1890. Intending at first to practice law, he soon abandoned that field for economics, pursuing special studies in that subject at the Universities of Chicago and Pennsylvania. He was professor of finance at the School of Commerce, New York University 1903-1905. In 1907 he became director of the Bureau of Municipal Research. Among his publications are: "Funds and Their Uses" (1902); "The Bank and the Treasury" (1905); "Railroad Finance" (1912), in collaboration with F. W. Powell; "Organized Democracy" (1913); etc.
Cleveland a city of Tennessee
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city of Tennessee, the county-seat of Bradley co. It is on the Southern railroad. Its industries include woolen and flour mills, stove works, hosiery mills, lumber mills, etc. It is the seat of the Centenary Female College. Pop. (1910) 5,549; (1920) 6,522.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
When Collier's wrote this in 1921 Cleveland had just recorded 796,841 people and was the fifth-largest city in the United States, a steel and lake-shipping capital handling 29 million tons of freight a year. Its population peaked at about 914,000 in 1950 and then fell with the collapse of heavy manufacturing; the 2020 census counted roughly 372,000, under half the 1920 figure. The Cuyahoga, praised here as the source of the city's "commanding position," became a national symbol of pollution when oil and debris on its surface burned in 1969, an event that helped spur the Clean Water Act. Western Reserve University and the Case School of Applied Science, listed separately above, merged in 1967 as Case Western Reserve University, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame opened on the lakefront in 1995.
Written for this edition, 2026.