Colorado
2 of the 7 encyclopedias on this shelf carry an entry for Colorado. Both are reproduced below, so you can see where they agree and where they differ.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a State in the Western Division of the North American Union; bounded by Wyoming, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Utah; gross area, 103,645 square miles; admitted to the Union, July 4, 1876; number of counties, sixty-three; population (1890) 412,198; (1900) 539,700; (1910) 799,024; (1920) 939,629; capital, Denver, Topography.- Colorado is very mountainous, being traversed by the Rocky Mountains, which extend over nearly the entire W. part of the State. The average altitude of the State is 7,000 feet, the lowest portion being 3,000 feet above the sea, and there are over 100 mountain peaks more than 13,000 feet high. The Sawatch or Saguache range, or Great Divide, is a continuation of the Sierra Madre range of Mexico, and contains the peaks, Mt. Harvard, 14,375; Mt. Elbert, 14,420; and the Mountain of the Holy Cross, 14,175 feet. The Park Range joins this range in the N., highest points Torrey's Peak, 14,336 feet, and Gray's Peak, 14,341 feet. The Front Range contains Pike's Peak, 14,147 feet, and Evans, 14,330 feet, and is situated a little E. of the main ranges. In the S. are the Sangre de Cristo mountains, whose highest point is the summit of Blanca Peak, 14,363 feet. In the W. part are several lower ranges, running in a general N. W. and S. E. direction. The valleys are a distinguishing feature of the scenery, and are known as parks. San Luis is the largest and has an area of about 2,000 square miles, quite level, and at an average elevation of 7,500 feet. The few lakes in Colorado are small, but the Sanchez Reservoir, 5 miles S. of San Luis is 5 miles long by 1 mile wide. Colorado is the principal watershed in the Western States, many of the largest rivers having their origin here, among them the Platte, Colorado, San Miguel, Arkansas, and Rio Grande del Norte. Nearly all these rivers wind their way through rocky cañons, varying from one to 3,000 feet in depth. "Monument Park" and the "Garden of the Gods" have rock spires, rising above the meadow land, shaped like towers and pillars, caused by erosion. Geology. The geology of Colorado is extremely complex, representing nearly every age from the Archæan onward. The great plateau-plains of the E. and part of the W. are largely cretaceous and tertiary. The mountainous regions represent the older formations: their mineralized strata have given rise to some of the greatest mining camps in the United States. Soil, Climate, etc. - Colorado has about 15,000 square miles of fertile arable land, and about 70,000 square miles of grazing land. Most of the land will produce abundant crops under irrigation, which is now being ing carried on extensively, one irrigating canal having a length of 54 miles. The mountains are well covered with pine, spruce, and fir forests. The climate is very healthful and mild, and people suffering from pulmonary and asthmatic troubles find much relief here. There are various mineral springs, which are valuable for medicinal purposes. The hot sulphur springs in Middle Park and Wagon Wheel gap, and the hot, iron, and soda springs in Manitou are popular resorts. Mineral Production. - Colorado for many years was first among the States in the value of its mineral products. For 106° C 107° B A 108° 109° W NG County Towns Railroads O-wi-yu-kuts Vermilion Bluffs Slater Varginia MEDICIN-E-B-OW--RANG-E Pearl Plateau Laramie Elk Head Mts Ladore Vermilion Sunny Pk. Hahns Peak Gleneyre Zirkel Columbine R Cowdrey Godiva Ridge Glendevey NORTH Range M Dry Mt. Hahns Peak Elkhorn 0 R Snake Zenobia Pk.O Walden AT Higho o Whitehead PkClarke o Home EK Head Deepcreck Butler PARK Green Escalante Hills Hebron RO Cedar Mt UTT JACKSON R Bear Mt. Trull Bear Craig Lay Steamboat Milner Maybell Bear Sprs. Williams Riu. Mts. Dunkley Spicer Rand Yampa Plateaun Wapiti Pk. Sodd Hayden R. Juniper Lily CONTINENTAL DIVIDE Sidney Eddy o Danforth Hil Gores Ra Midland Ridge Hamilton Harrison Axial H O Moraine Martin Pagoda Oak Creek Grandlake Gray Hills Meeker Pinnacle White MIDDLE PARK 6 Angora Thornburg Pyramid Yampa Dexter Stillwater Troublesome White River Plateau Pyramid Pk. Toponas Sulphur Springs Rangley Whiteriver White R. Ward remmling Granby EGERIA PARK A ND G Douglas Cr. R Nederlando R B L ANC Cathedral Bl Blue Caribou Scholl Fraser McCoy Buford Piceance pe Mt. Marvine Burns Arrow Burro Mt. Sheenhorn GILPIN Lone Pk. Cr. Ute Pk. Sulphur Bald Min. R Twin Buttes Dragon Rioblanco d Empire Silverplume Idaho Mts. Mt.Powel Wolcott Sprso New Castle Grand Dotsero Eagle Edwards Georgetown Avon ~ Eagle Roan or CLEAR SUMMIT Gypsum Minturn Montezuma E Dillon Keystone Silt EAG Atchee L Brookvale Rifle Gilman Frisco Glenwood Sprs. G A Fulford R F To LSouthD Cardiff Red Table Holy Cross Mt. Canon Breckenridge Highmore Redcliff Balzac Grand ero Chase Webster Mt Sunlight Sopris Robins Kokomo son Valley Mamm Pk. Raven Grant Sloss Carbondale Basalt Boreas Shawnee Mitchello 오 Jefferson De Beque Gulch Emma Como Thomasville 4 Meredith Wortman Aima Snowmase Sellar Plateau Cy. Collbran Mack Cr. Watson Tarryall Ivanhoed Leadville SOUTH Call Mts Molina Vega Coalbasin Loma Plateau Fair Play Book Cliff Malta PITKO IN E S Mesa A Grand Palisades Fruita Doran PARK Aspen Redstone Rhone Clifton LAKE PARK Tarryall Sheep Mt. C Garo Twin Lakes Granite Grand Junction Grand Mesa Marble Crystal Ashcroft Buffalo Sprs. Winfield 10 Whitewater Gun Bardine nison Dorchester Cédaredge Gunnison R. Delta Mt. Harvard Riverside Somerset Balfour o DELT T Crested Butte Howbert Slate Eckert Paonia Floresta Fk. Buena Vista Cr. Cory Newett Mt. Yale West N Round Mt Guffey Hotchkiss CHAFFEE Baldwin Read Black Mountain Taylor Tincup Hortense Gateway Crawford Nathrop West Elk Mts. O St. Elmo Centerville UNCOMPAHGRE PLATEAU aiteborn Maher GUNNISON Uncompah gre Arkansas Pitkin Turret Gunnison Rossi Ridge White Pine Monarch Salida: Olathe Catheral Pk. Hills Ohio FREMO Waunita Pancho Sprs. SANGR Cebolla Montrose Sapinero Parlin Calcite Arkansas 20 Uranium Iola 9 Cimarrond Howard Doyleville Gunnison Mears Jc.a M ON E RE Paradox Cochetop Spencer Sargents Cochetopa Hills Alder Uncompahgre Dubois San Vulcan SAN MIGUEL PLATEAU Cotopaxi Coaldale Colona DE Daytong Covent 2guel Haskill, Powderhorn Cebolla O Bonanza Hillside Naturita Lake Fk Cochetopa Blue San Villagrove Orient U OURAY Mesa Sams Ridgway SAG Rio Norwood ACHE 2. Placerville Leonard La Garita Mts. Saguache Mirage Cathedral Ouray Henson GUEL Sawpit T Capitól Cy.Lake Cy. CONTINENTAL DIVIDE SAN LUIS PARK San Miguel Moffat San Isabel Telluride Smuggler Animas Snettles Cedaro Dolores Forks Crestone Vance Carnero HINSDALE Telle. Creede Cr. Gladstoneo Carnero Cr Lavendero Ames Ophir Eureka Creede Lone Mesa Duntono La Garita Howardsville Silverton Liberty DO Wagon Wheel Gap o Arastra 。 Center RE S Hermit SAN JUAN Rico Hooger Del Norte Snowdon PR SAN JUAN MTS South Fork Ellston Mt. Garnett Mosca d i San Luis L MINERAL Lonedome Needleton Sierra Blanca Monte Vistad Quarry Burro Pk. ALAMOSA Mt.Sheridan Grand Garland RIO GRANDE Dolores Rockwood Arloa Pagoša PK. Summitville Laplata Vallecitoopinos Alamosa MONTEZUMA Trinchera Jasper Piedras Mancos LA PLATA Rio McElmo Moqui Cortez ㅇ Alamoso La Jara Sanford Capulin Platoro Hesperus Soler Durango Pagosa Sprs. Hermans Pk. Dyke Content. Plata Breen C Rio La Conejos Carbon Jc. Bayfield San Luis Rio Las Animas NEJO OS ARCHULETA SOUTHERN UTE Oxford Romeo Manasca Rio Culebra Ignacio Piedra Rio Conejos INDIAN RESERVATION Los Cerritos Kline PagosaJc. Lobator Rio Mancos Rio La Eastdale Arboles Osier Orth Antonito Juanita Chromo ARIZ. N E W M E C Longitude 106 ° West 107° B 108° A 109° 102° G 103° F 104° E 105° D 50 60 30 40 Sidney Chapelle 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Julesburg Sedgwic Peetz Avalo o Dale R. Boxelder Horsetai Spring Crook SEDGWICK Carr Grover Gault St.Cloud {R. Platte Alford o Marks Butte Cr. Iliff Pawnee Buttes Livermore Cr. Dover A N Logcabin LOG Wellington Nunn Pa Sterling Haxtum Fleming Keota LARIMER Pierce PHILLIPS B O Bellevue te Ft Collins Ault New Raymer Laporte Holyoke Frenchmans C O D L W Timnath Atwood Leroy Eatono Stouto Crow Merinoo Lucerne South Masonvilleo Windsoro E Greeley Estes Park Lovelard Pawnee Weldona Willow Cr. Milliken Burdett Kersey Hardin Orchard Pinewood Snyder Hillrose Bryant Johnstown te La Salle olat Peckham R. Masterc Dodd Park Berthoud o Fremont Butte Brush Gilcrest -Highland-o Wiggins N Ft. Morgan مدبر Lyons lake Mead Platteville Cr Otis Yuma Roggen Akron Eckler Wray Laird Hygiene MORGAN Firestone Jamestown Lengmont O Niwoto Rinn Frederick Keenesburg 。 Beaver BOULDER Dacon Ft. Lupton Dacono M Gary ち。 YU Deer Trail Cr. Goldhillo Erie 40 Hudson no Salina Boulder WASHINGTON Vernon Louisville Lafayette Brighton Eldora Superioro Barr comfield Henderson Box Rollinsville Glober R Abbott S Westminster A Armelo S M Central Cy.arvada Arvada PORN VER Lansin Alco e Elyria Cent Arickaree St Francis Blackhawkcr Lindón Bennett Clear Idalia Pe Kirk Fox Golden Edge Edge Cope Byers an R. Creswello clairora Salem Newton water Morrison Lo son Loretto Petersburgair Englewood ARABAHOE CREEK Landsman Mer Thurman Arickaree 0 مہ Evergreen Cherrelyn Cr Deertrail Gleno 。 Goff JEFFERSON Littleton Tuttles Bijou 2 Ashland Bijou Folhurst Parker Schley Platte Conifer A Cr. Agate Wallet Sedalia ritchell o Pine CARSON Hilltop Cr. KIT South Platte atte Elizabeth Bailey Buffalo Cr. Bland Bethune Kiowa Seibert Riverbend Genoa Arriba Castle Rock م Monument Arkansas Divide Crossing ELBERT Vona Stratton Burlington Night Hawk プロ Kuhns Resolis Big Flagler DOUGLAS Limon Bovina Norton . Deckers Elbert o Larkspur South Cr Fondis Westcreek Sandy Sandy Greenland Bijou Basin Hugo Mattison Big Loco Ramah Palmer Lak Lake 39 Signal Butte Eastonville Haymang S Husted Peyton Calhan C Woodland Park Twin Buttes Boyero Green Min. Falcon Florrisanto LINCOLN Divide Falle CHEYENNE Manitou Arapahoe Roswell Amo TELLER Aroya Cheyenne Wild Horse Colorado Cy. Ellicott Pikes Peak Wells Ladder Cr Colorado Springs Big CrippleCreek Kit Carson Anaconda Altman PASO EL Forder Rush Goldfield Fountain Black Squirrel Kutch Fountain Victor Cr. Wild Horse Pt. Sandy Buttes N Chico Eldred of Will Wilbur Lytle Galatea Towner Eads Wigwam 3 dale Canon City White Butte Sheridan Lake Haswell R. Chivington Tek Parkdale Pinon A Or- W Cyanide 0 I Cow Butte K Brookside Portiand Eden • Williamsburg Florence cr Chandler Arlington Beaver Pueblo Rockvale Coalcreea CROWLEY Nyburg Sugar Horse C Hartman Las Animas Pyrolite Swallows Boone UPEB Cr Lamar Carlton Nepesta Ordway。 Adobe Wiley Prowers Siloam. ermore o Avondale Ilse o Arkansas Granada Barion Greenwood Caddoa A Crowley Lime Amit Silver Cliff Olney Sprs. 0 P Goodpasture Undercliffe olly 0 Fisher Fowler Manzanola Westcliffe Rosita Cheraw Huerfano Cr Rockyford 38 CUSTER Beulah Robinson Swink Clay Cr. Abbey A La Jurta BE Butte Cr. Ω Crowo Graneros T PROWERS Rye Omer OTERO Greenhorn Mt. Greenhorn Rule Timpas Timpas Caddo Apishapa R. Apache Huerfano Gardner R • Cacharas.. ✔ Higbee Talpa Badito St. Marys Malachite Two Twin Buttes し Sharpsdale HUERFAN Animas Cucharas Maitland Two Buttes Yeiser Delhi Pictous Ben Walsenburg Dike Mt. Blaine Two Butte Walsen Thatcher Maxey Horse Monon Cr Hezron Pryor Russell La Veta Chacuaco Cr 9-Rouse Blanca Tyrone Rugby Apishapa Bear Cr. Las Jeta Pass Springfield Vilas Aguilar Konantz Spanish Pks Delagua Hastings Earl ANIM Culebra Ra. A Sand A Arroyo C COSTILLA A Dean B Gulnare wind Majestic Hickso Stonington 2 Park Plateau Ayuner Hoehne El Moro Trinidad Corrizo Eagle Barela Cimarron R. Cr. Stonewall Primero Sopris Grayereek σ Troy Mesa de Maya Carrizo San Pablo Weston Starkville Trinchera Regnier Gotera Morley Lavalley Tercio Watervale K A C G 103° 102° F 104° from 105° Greenwich E D Copyright L. L. Poate Eng. Co., various reasons, including the development of mineral fields in other Western States, the working out of hitherto important mines, and the decline in the price of silver, have resulted in a relative change of this position. The mineral industry, however, is still the most important in the State, and Colorado continues to rank high among the mineral-producing States. The total value of the mineral products in 1917, the latest date for which complete figures are available, was $80,586,021. Coal was the most valuable of the mineral products, with 12,483,336 tons, valued at $27,- 669,129. Gold was second in value with 760,901 fine ounces, valued at $15,729,- 224. Zinc was third with 60,158 tons, valued at $12,272,209. The silver production was 7,304,353 fine ounces, valued at $6,018,787. Other important mineral products were coke, clay products, tungsten ore, and ferro alloys. The production of the principal minerals mined in the State in 1919 was as follows: Gold, $9,892,000; silver, 5,630,000 ounces; lead, 35,650,000 pounds; copper, 3,400,000 pounds; zinc, 52,300,000 52,300,000 pounds. The total value of these products was $22,- 522,000. The estimated coal production in 1919 was 10,100,000 short tons, a decrease of over 2,000,000 tons from the production of 1918. Agriculture. The acreage, production, and value of the principal crops in 1919 were as follows: Corn, 671,000 acres, with a production of 11,206,000 bushels, valued at $15,913,000; oats, 249,000 acres, with a production of 6,524,000 bushels, valued at $5,872,000; wheat, 1,459,000 acres, with a production of 17,645,000 bushels, valued at $35,643,- 000; hay, 1,065,000 acres, with a production of 2,396,000 tons, valued at $44,- 326,000; beans, 69,000 acres, with a provalued at duction of 448,000 bushels, $1,568,000; potatoes, 92,000 acres, with production of 11,004,000 bushels, a valued at $18,768,000. Manufactures. There were in 1914 2,126 manufacturing establishments in the State, employing 27,228 wage earn- The capital invested was $181, ers. 776,000; the amount paid in wages, $20,- 200,000; the value of the materials used, $89,776,000; and the value of the finished products, $136,839,000. Banking. In 1919 there were 128 National banks in operation, having $5,491,- 000 capital, $7,981,596 in outstanding circulation, and $7,885,250 in United States bonds. There were also 228 State and savings banks, with $5,063,000 in capital, $44,709,000 in deposits, and $55,231,000 in resources. In the year ending Sept. 30, 1919, the exchanges at the United States clearing-house at Denver aggregated $1,520,001,000. Education. There were in 1918 176,- 523 pupils enrolled in the elementary schools. Of this 91,229 were boys and 85,294 were girls. In the secondary schools were enrolled 24,240 pupils. The total enrollment in all grades was 200,- 763. The average daily attendance was 137,984. There were employed in the elementary schools, 6,167 teachers, of whom 5,944 were women and 223 men. In the secondary schools were 1,052 teachers, of whom 714 were women and 338 were men. There were in all 6,926 teachers in the elementary and second. ary schools of the State. The average annual salary of teachers in all schools was $749. The permanent school fund of the State amounted to $4,948,492. The total expenditures for the support of schools were $7,093,598. Churches. The strongest denominations numerically in the State are the Roman Catholic, Methodist Episcopal, Presbyterian, Baptist, Protestant Episcopal, Congregational, Lutheran, and Disciples of Christ. Railways. The railway mileage of the State in 1919 was 5,542. The Denver and Rio Grande has a mileage of approximately 2,600 miles of track. State Government. The governor is elected for a term of two years, and receives a salary of $5,000 per annum. Legislative sessions are held biennially. The Legislature has 35 members in the Senate (elected for four years and 65 in the House (elected for two years). There are four Representatives in Congress. History. The name Colorado comes from that of the river, meaning "red water." Explorations were made here by United States army officers in 1806, 1819, and 1842-1844, and several furtrading stations were established. In 1854 Conejos, in the Rio Grande Valley, was founded by colonists from New Mexico, and a Jesuit mission established. co Gold was discovered in 1858, and as a consequence of this, Denver, Boulder, and Auraria were speedily founded and made a county of the Territory of Kansas. In 1861 Colorado, according to its present limits, was organized as a Territory, and in 1876 was admitted into the Union, receiving the popular designation of the "Centennial State."
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
a state of the American Union. It was admitted in 1876, and is known as the Centennial State. It lies four square, and is bounded by four straight lines. It is included between the 37th and 41st parallels. The eastern line follows the 102d meridian, and the west line the 109th meridian. The northern boundary is shorter therefore than the southern boundary. Colorado and Wyoming are the only states in the Union that are bounded by four straight lines. The area is 103,925 square miles. THE PLAIN REGION. That eastern third of the state, or that part east of the Rocky Mountains , is a part of the great treeless plain of North America . It is divided into two sections. The northern part lies in the upper valley of the south Platte, the southern, in the valley of the Arkansas. The soil is fertile, but insufficiently supplied with moisture. Dust blanket cultivation has done much for the country. The waters of the mountains have been utilized to convert large areas in the valleys into alfalfa meadows and orchards, but the supply is limited. The state has but 280 square miles of water. Large areas are still waiting for man to devise a way of obtaining water, all that is needed to render them enormously productive. The lowest point in this section is 3,047 feet above sea level. THE MOUNTAIN REGION. The western two-thirds of the state is in the heart of the Rocky Mountains. There are 200 peaks over 13,000 feet high, including the highest in the United States , if we except Mt. Whitney of California. One of the most noted is Pike's Peak in full view of Denver. The Main Rockies traverse the state from north to south in two lines or ranges that separate and approach again, inclosing great valleys shaped like links in a chain. Named from the north, they are North Park, Middle Park, South Park, and San Luis Park. South Park, the smallest of the four, is 8,000 feet high, and is as large as Rhode Island . In addition to these, there are many smaller parks to the westward, some of them as large as an ordinary Illinois county. Among these are Monument Park and the Garden of the Gods . The latter is near Colorado Springs, and is so called from the countless number of water-worn monumental pillars. RIVER SYSTEMS. Colorado shares honors with Wyoming and Minnesota as the source of the head waters of river systems. The Platte and the Arkansas have been mentioned. They carry the waters of eastern Colorado to the Mississippi. The waters of the western section go by way of the Grand Canon to the Gulf of California and the Pacific Ocean. San Luis Park is drained by way of the Rio Grande into the Gulf of Mexico. SCENERY. Colorado is famous as a scenic state. Towering mountain peaks, terraces, gorges, and canons a mile deep, mesas, waterfalls, sculptured rocks, fertile valleys, and upland forests give a variety of impressive scenery. Compared with Colorado, Switzerland is a mere suggestion. The air is bracing and unsurpassed, whether for pleasure or for health. The mountains of Colorado are now the greatest inland resort in the world. Few parts of the world give the observer a larger idea of the greatness of the universe. MINERALS. The mineral wealth of the state is beyond computation. In gold, silver, zinc, and lead, its resources exceed that of any other state in the Union. Its iron wealth is supposed to be exceeded only by that of Minnesota. Its coal is second only to that of Pennsylvania. In copper the state ranks third. Porcelain, clay, mercury, platinum, building stone, petroleum, and gas are found in apparently inexhaustible quantities. The annual product of the mines and smelters of the state is not far from $100,000,000. INDUSTRIES. As might be expected the leading manufactures of the state are the smelting and refining of ores, making of steel rails, and foundry products. With timber and iron at hand, a carbuilding industry has grown up. Flour milling, meat packing, and brewing are large industries. AGRICULTURE. About two-thirds of the total area of the state is available for grazing and farming. About three-fourths of the lands under crop, or over 1,600,000 acres, are irrigated. The largest irrigated tracts are in the vicinity of Greeley and in San Luis Park. It is thought that the irrigated area can be more than doubled. Over $10,000,000 worth of alfalfa hay is produced on these lands. Wheat, potatoes, and sugar beets of superior quality are now important crops. Peach, pear, and plum, and especially apple orchards are well established in the irrigated valleys. The Arkansas valley is famous for musk-melons, which are shipped in carloads to the city markets. In 1904, 1182 cars of Rocky Ford cantaloupes were shipped. Stock raising and dairying are important and growing interests. The long-horned Texas cattle that took care of themselves in winter have given way largely to improved breeds. The production of milk, butter, and cheese has kept pace with the increase in the production of hay. EDUCATION. An excellent system of public instruction includes common schools, high schools, a normal school at Greeley, a school of mining at Golden, an agricultural school at Fort Collins, and a university at Boulder. Money is plentiful and is spent for schools ungrudgingly. THE FRANCHISE, POPULATION, ETC. Women vote on an equality with men and are eligible to all offices. Many are country superintendents of schools. The population in 1900 was 539,700, very largely of American birth. A map of the state shows that the counties, especially in the western part, are as irregular in outline as the state is regular. The boundaries follow the natural mountain ranges that surround the parks. A number of county names are suggestive. Boulder, Cheyenne, Custer, Delta, El Paso, Kit Carson, Mesa, Mineral, Park, Pueblo, and Yuma are far more expressive than the names of presidents or railroad magnates never identified with the locality. The metropolis of the state is Denver, reserved for a separate article. Pueblo, Leadville, and Cripple Creek, are mining towns; Colorado Springs and Boulder are health resorts. Pueblo is called the Pittsburg of the West. Denver is the capital. STATISTICS. The following statistics are the latest to be had from trustworthy sources: Land area, in square miles 103,645 Population (est., 1906) 615,570 Denver 151,920 Pueblo 30,824 Colorado Springs 29,338 Leadville 13,697 Number of counties 59 Members of state senate 35 Representatives 65 Salary of governor $5,000 U.S. representatives 2 Presidential electors 4 Assessed valuation of property (1906) $356,000,000 Bonded indebtedness (1906) $693,000 Corn, bushels 2,586,000 Wheat, bushels (1908) 6,153,000 Oats, bushels 7,000,000 Wool, pounds 3,341,000 Horses 262,000 Mules 10,000 Milk cows 144,000 Other cattle 1,500,000 Sheep 1,695,000 Swine 150,000 Acres of sugar beets 90,000 Railways, miles 5,072 Manufacturing establishments 1,606 Capital invested $107,000,000 Operatives 21,813 Raw material $63,000,000 Output of manufactured goods $100,000,000 Gold mined (1907) $21,000,000 Silver mined $7,578,000 Copper, pounds 14,000,000 Coal mined, tons 11,000,000 Iron ore mined, tons 12,000 Petroleum, barrels 331,000 Mineral products .$71,000,000 Quarry products $869,000 Teachers in public schools 4,944 Pupils enrolled 144,799 Percentage of male teachers 15.6 Average annual expenditure per pupil $42.38