Columbia
Columbia names 5 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Columbia a large river on the Pacific coast of North America
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
a large river on the Pacific coast of North America . Its rivals are the Yukon and the Colorado. It is credited with a total length of 1,400 miles, and a basin area of 300,000 square miles. Through its tributaries, including the Kootenai, the Clarke, and the Snake, it drains the greater part of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and a part of British Columbia , Montana, and western Wyoming. On the south, it drains the borders of Utah and Nevada. Its head waters mingle with those of the Fraser, the Saskatchewan, the Missouri, and the Colorado. There are divides where the tourist can throw a dipper of water one way into the drainage basin of the Atlantic, or the other way into the drainage basin of the Pacific. The mouth of the river was entered by Captain Gray in 1792. The valley was explored by the Lewis and Clarke expedition in 1805. The mouth of the river forms an estuary separating Oregon and Washington. It is about thirty-five miles long, and from two to seven miles in width. A sandbar at the ocean entrance has been scoured out through the construction of government jetties. The national government has spent also about $4,000,000 in constructing a canal and lock at the Cascades, about 200 miles from the ocean. A similar work is under way at the Dalles, 150 miles farther up. It is estimated that these improvements will open up over 2,000 miles of navigable water to steamers from the Pacific. The Columbia has long been noted for its salmon fisheries. Half a million cans of the best salmon in the world are put up on its banks annually. See Cascades; Portland ; Salmon ; Oregon ; Washington
Columbia city, capital of the State of South Carolina
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
city, capital of the State of South Carolina, and county-seat of Richland co.; on the Congaree river near the junction of the Broad and Saluda rivers, on five railroads, and the Columbia canal. The city is built on a bluff, 15 feet above the river, has a fine park, and is noted for its beautiful shade trees or and flower gardens. The industries of the city are important, and include manufactures, cotton, fertilizers, lumber, iron, etc. There are National and private banks. The city is well supplied with water and gas, and has abundant sources of water-power. The most noteworthy buildings include the State House, costing about $4,000,000; Executive Mansion, State Penitentiary, Insane Asylum, United Insa States Government Building, City Hall, University of South Carolina, College for Women, Lutheran Seminary, Allen Uni versity, and a Presbyterian theological seminary. Columbia was laid out in 1786, and the State Legislature first met there in 1790. During the Civil War a large part of the city was burned by the Federal destroying the old State House de troops, with an extensive library, a convent, several churches, and the railroad depot. Pop. (1910) 26,319; (1920) 37,524.
Columbia a city of Lancaster co.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city of Lancaster co., Pa.; on the Susquehanna river, the Philadelphia and Reading, and the Pennsylvania railroads and the Pennsylvania and many Susquehanna canals; 10 miles W. of Susquehanna, here over landed Lancaster. The bridge con- Iona, a mile wide, is crossed by a necting with Wrightsville. This bridge is one of the longest in the United States. Columbia is the trade center for Lancaster and surrounding counties, and has numerous silk and lace mills, sugar refineries, ironworks, and brush factories. It is connected by electric railways with all nearby towns, and is lighted by electricity. It is the seat of Franklin and Marshall College, and has a public lier's convent school, several brary, St. Peter's wellnewspapers and National banks. The city was founded as Wright's Ferry in 1726, by Quakers, and in 1798 it was one of the places voted upon for the National capital. The original bridge crossing the Susquehanna was burned in 1863 to cap pre- France vent the Confederates marching on Philamon - delphia. Pop. ( 1910) 11,454; ( 1920)
Columbia a city of Missouri
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city of Missouri, the It is on the county-seat of Boone co. Wabash and the Missouri, Kansas, and Texas railroads. Its manufactures include lumber, elevators, packing, and shoes. There are also important farming, fruit-growing, and stock-raising industries. The city is the seat of the University of Missouri, Christian College, Bible College, and Stephens College. It has also several institutions for the edu- There is a United cation of women. States Government weather station and memorial hospital. Pop. (1910) a 9,662; (1920) 10,681.
Columbia a city of Tennessee
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city of Tennessee, in Maury co. It is on the Louisville and Nashville, the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis, and the Nashville, Florence and Sheffield railroads, on the Duck river. It is the renter and anime portant agricultural region and is also of industrial importance. There are flour mills, lumber mills, marble works, phosphate works, etc. The city has a court house, military academy, a library, a hospital, and a school for young women, Pop. (1910) 5,574; (1920) 5,526. See
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Aiton's 1910 note on the Columbia River ends with the government's $4,000,000 canal and locks at the Cascades; those locks were drowned in 1938 by the reservoir behind Bonneville Dam, the first of more than a dozen main-stem dams that now include Grand Coulee (completed 1942) and are governed in part by the Columbia River Treaty with Canada, signed in 1961 and ratified in 1964. The salmon fishery Aiton called the best in the world has collapsed rather than grown: the canneries are gone and several Snake and upper Columbia runs are listed under the Endangered Species Act, with fish passed over dams by ladders and barges. Modern surveys give the river about 1,240 miles and a basin of roughly 258,000 square miles, somewhat less than the 1,400 miles and 300,000 square miles credited in 1910. Of the four towns, Columbia, Missouri, has changed most: Collier's counted 10,681 people in 1920, and the University of Missouri city now holds around 126,000; Columbia, South Carolina, has grown from 37,524 to roughly 136,000, while Columbia, Pennsylvania, is still a borough of about 10,000.
Written for this edition, 2026.