Columbus
Columbus names 6 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below. 1 of them is described by more than one encyclopedia.
Columbus CHRISTOPHER, the Latinized form of the Italian Colombo
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
CHRISTOPHER, the Latinized form of the Italian Colombo, and the Spanish Colon, the great navigator who added a new hemisphere to our globe; born near Genoa, probably in 1451. He was the son of a wool-comber; attended for some little time the school of learning in Pavia, where he evinced a taste for astronomy and cosmography; and early went to sea, and made several voyages in the Mediterranean. Settling in Lisbon, in 1470, he married the daughter of an Italian named Palestrello, once a navigator in the Portuguese service, and with her obtained some valuable charts, journals, and memoranda. While constructing maps and charts for the livelihood of his family, Columbus gained the belief of a great land in the west. To qualify himself for his great enterprise he made several voyages to the Azores, the Canaries, and the coast of Guinea-then the limit of European navigation in this direction. Not until about 1482 or 1483 did he find opportunity to lay his scheme before John II. of Portugal. This monarch referred it to a junta of nautical and scientific men, who decided against it. The king, however, taking advantage of a detailed plan obtained from Columbus under false pretenses, secretly sent out a vessel to examine the route. Too timid to venture far from the beaten track, the pilots soon returned to Lisbon to throw ridicule on the project. Disgusted with the duplicity of his sovereign, Columbus secretly left Lisbon in 1484, taking with him his motherless boy Diego. He found his way to Genoa, where the republic treated his project with scorn. Disappointed, but not despairing, Columbus turned his steps toward Spain. Weary and hungry, he stopped one day at the gate of the Franciscan convent, La Rabida, in Andalusia, to beg some bread and water for his child. This day was the turning-point in his career. The superior of the convent, Juan Perez de Marchena, passing at the moment, entered into conversation with the traveler, and was so struck with the grandeur of his views that he used all his influence to procure him the favorable consideration of Ferdinand and Isabella, and it was to the latter, not the king, to whom he owed assistance in his project. Eight years of disappointment passed, during which Columbus applied to other CRISTOFORO COLOMBO NATO M-CCCCXLII MORTO M-D-VI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS courts, and without avail, when he found himself in command of three small vessels, only one of which was decked, with 120 men, ready ready to start on his adventur ous enterprise. Columbus claimed, as reward, to be nominated high-admiral and governor-general and viceroy over all the lands he discovered, with a tenth of the produce of the countries. On Aug. 3, 1492, he set sail from the bar of Saltes, near Palos. Delaying a month at the Canaries to refit, he started thence, on Sept. 6, over unknown seas. His crew soon became openly mutinous, but Columbus its own proper style of column. The Grenever flinched in his determination to cian-Doric has no base, and in some other On Oct. 12 his perseverance press on. was rewarded with the sight of land, which proved to be one of the Bahama Islands. Here he solemnly planted the cross, giving the island the name of San Salvador. After discovering several other of the West India Islands, including Cuba and Haiti, or San Domingo, at the latter of which, called by him Hispaniola, he settled a small colony, he set sail again for Spain, where he arrived March 15, 1493, and was received with every demonstration of joy and admiration by the people and the court. In September of the same year he sailed from Cadiz on the second expedition, with 17 ships and 1,500 men. In this voyage he discovered the Caribbee Islands, Jamaica, etc., but calumnies at home forced him to return in 1496. Having cleared himself with his sovereigns, he, in 1498, set out on a third expedition. This time, steering more to the S., he discovered Trinidad and the mouths of the Orinoco, and landed at Paria, on the coast of South America. After these discoveries Columbus steered for Hispaniola, where he found everything in disorder. Enemies in Spain had been at work, and an officer named Bobadilla had been appointed to supersede him as governor, and by this person Columbus was sent home in chains. This unworthy treatment excited the indignation of the Spanish people to such a degree that Ferdinand was forced to disavow all knowledge of the disgraceful affair. But Columbus failed to obtain redress from the king. The spirit of adventure, however, was not crushed and he set out on May 9, 1502, with four vessels and 150 men to seek a passage uniting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, which he imagined lay somewhere between Honduras and Paria. The voyage was disastrous, and the constitution of Columbus never recovered from the shock which it sustained. In coasting Central America he got a hint which, if followed up, might have led to the discovery of Mexico and the Pacific; but the mutinous character of his crew forced him aside to seek for gold, and having added little of importance to his previous discoveries, he returned to Spain in November, 1504. Isabella was dead; Ferdinand proved basely ungrateful, and he was permitted to die in poverty at Valladolid, on May 20, 1506.
Columbus the capital city of the state of Ohio
Described by 2 of the 6 encyclopedias.
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
the capital city of the state of Ohio. It is situated on the Scioto River, at the geographical center of the state. The site is a level river plain. The general plan of the city is that of a Maltese cross, extending east and west seven miles; north and south, eight miles. These arms are traversed by two main thoroughfares, High Street and Broad Street, intersecting each other at right angles in the center of the city. They are planted with avenue of shade trees. At their intersection is a magnificent park of ten acres, called Capitol Square. The capitol building itself is a two-story structure surrounded by a colonnade of Doric columns, extending from the pavement to the roof. It is built of native gray limestone, and cost in the neighborhood of $3,000,000. With additions, it covers nearly three acres. The site of Columbus was selected in 1810; the city was surveyed in 1812; and the capital was removed thither from Chilicothe in 1816. Among other public institutions, the state university, a state hospital for the insane, schools for deaf mutes, blind, and imbecile, as well as the state penitentiary, are located here. Though designed as a residence city, Columbus has developed into a large manufacturing and distributing center. There are eighteen railroads. One of the largest carriage factories in the United States is located here. In all about $40,000,000 is invested in steel plants, iron works, and the manufacture of carriages, automobiles, trucks, cars, watches, furniture, cash registers, farm implements, hosiery, medicines, and other articles of merchandise. The annual output is considerably over $100,000,000. Columbus lies within the gas belt. The city is piped. Natural gas is used for heating, cooking, and manufacturing. An abundant supply of soft coal is found in the vicinity. The present population is about 150,000.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city, capital of the State of Ohio, and county-seat of Franklin co.; on both sides of the Scioto river, about 70 miles from its mouth; and 100 miles N. E. of Cincinnati. It is the center of 11 railroad lines, and the third city in the State in population and impor- STATE HOUSE, COLUMBUS, OHIO There are over 800 manufacturing establishments, with an annual product valued at about $100,000,000. Among the chief products are wagons, boots and shoes, tobacco, and machine shop products. There are eight National banks. The exchanges in the clearing house for the year ending Sept. 30, 1919, were $638,410,000. There are excellent street and sewer systems. The noteworthy buildings are the United States Government Building, containing the Postoffice and Federal 6-Vol. IIІ-Cyc Court; the State Capitol; the Ohio State University; Central Ohio Insane Asylum; Odd Fellows' Hall; Masonic Temple; the Franklin County Court House; Soldiers and Sailors' Memorial; Columbus Public Library; and Y. M. C. A. building, and among 70 Protestant and 10 Roman Catholic churches are: Trinity Church (P. E.), St. Joseph's Cathedral (R. C.), Second Presbyterian, St. Paul's (Germ. Luth.), Broad Street (M. E.), Wesley Chapel, and the Third Avenue. The educational institutions include the Ohio State University, Columbus Normal School, Capital University, and several public and private high and secondary schools. History. Columbus was laid out in 1812; became the seat of the State government in 1816; and was incorporated as a city in 1834, with a population of less than 4,000. Pop. (1910) 181,548; (1920) 237,031.
Columbus a city and county-seat of Muscogee co.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city and county-seat of Muscogee co., Ga.; on the E. bank of the Chattahoochee rive river; on the boundary line between Georgia and Alabama; and on the Central of Georgia, the Southern, and the Seaboard Air Line; 100 miles S. W. of Macon. It is connected by steamship lines with Appalachicola, Fla. On account of its large and important manufacturing interests it is known as the "Lowell of the South." The city is regularly laid out with an excellent street system. Columbus is one of the leading cotton manufacturing cities in the South. It uses over 100,000 bales of cotton for manufactures annually. In addition there are manufactories of cotton-seed oil, barrels, agricultural machinery, fertilizers, etc. The city has several National banks, newspapers, public library, conservatory of music, and other public institutions. The noteworthy buildings are the Court House, Georgia Home Insurance Co., Bank of Columbus, Garrard Building, and numerous churches. Four handsome bridges connect Columbus with its suburbs in Alabama. History. -Columbus was laid out in 1828; incorporated as a city in 1829; and captured by the Federal forces, April 16, 1865. Pop. (1910) 20,554; (1920) 31,125.
Columbus a city, and county-seat of Lowndes co.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city, and county-seat of Lowndes co., Miss.; on the Mobile and Ohio and Southern railroads and the Tombigbee river; 150 miles S. E. of Memphis and the same distance N. E. of Jackson. It is the farming trade center of the country; it is the seat of the State Industrial Institute and College, Franklin Academy, and the State bank, Court House, several weekly and semiweekly newspapers. Pop. (1910) 8,988; (1920) 10,501.
Columbus a city of Indiana
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city of Indiana, the county-seat of Bartholomew co. It is on the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis, and the Cleveland, Cincinnati, tance. Area, 16½ square miles. Chicago and St. Louis railroads, and on the White river. It is an important manufacturing city. Among the industries are the making of tanned leather, threshing and saw-mill machinery, gasoline engines, flour, flour, furniture, etc. Pop. (1910) 8,813; (1920) 8,990.
Columbus a city of Nebraska
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city of Nebraska, the county-seat of Platte co. It is on the Union Pacific and the Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy railroads, and on the Loup river. There are flour mills, foundry, shoe factory, and other industries. The city has a hospital and a public library. Pop. (1910) 5,014; (1920) 5,410.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's 1921 account presents Columbus as "the great navigator who added a new hemisphere to our globe," a hero shabbily used by an ungrateful king; modern historians keep the voyages but not the halo, stressing the enslavement and devastation of the Taino under his governorship, and noting that he died in Valladolid still drawing income from the Indies rather than in outright poverty. The verdict has changed in public space as well: Columbus Day, a fixture of 1921 American civic life, has been replaced or paired with Indigenous Peoples' Day in many states and cities since Berkeley adopted it in 1992, and statues of him were taken down across the country in 2020 — including the one outside the city hall of Columbus, Ohio. Scholars also still argue over which Bahamian island the 1492 landfall actually was; Watlings Island was officially renamed San Salvador in 1925, but Samana Cay and other candidates have serious defenders. Columbus, Ohio, described by Aiton's in 1910 as a Maltese cross seven miles across, now holds about 900,000 people and has overtaken Cleveland and Cincinnati as the largest city in the state.
Written for this edition, 2026.