The Meta-Encyclopedia

Conon

2 of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf carry an entry for Conon. Both are reproduced below, so you can see where they agree and where they differ.

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

a celebrated astronomer of Samos, who lived in the 3d century B. C. RALPH. See GORDON, CONNOR, CHARLES WILLIAM. CONRAD I., Duke of Franconia; was elected King of Germany in 911; but Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria, and Henry, Duke of Saxony, disputed his title, and engaged the Huns to overrun Germany. Conrad is said to have received a mortal wound in combat with these revolted chiefs. He died in 918. CONRAD II., son of Henry, Duke of Franconia; was elected King of Germany in 1024. Attempts were made to displace him, but without success, and in 1027 he was crowned emperor at Rome, in the presence of Canute, King of England, and Rudolph, King of Burgundy. As heir to Rudolph, who died in 1033, Conrad became King of Burgundy. He died in 1039. CONRAD III., Duke of Franconia, of the house of Hohenstauffen; born in 1093; was elected emperor in 1138. His title was disputed by Henry the Proud, Duke of Saxony, and the rivalry of these two princes was the germ of the factions afterward so famous under the names of Guelfs and Ghibellines. In 1146, at the diet held at Spire, Conrad was persuaded by the eloquence of St. Bernard to undertake a crusade, on which he set out the following year. It was fruitless and disastrous, and Conrad returned with the wreck of his army in 1149. He died in 1152, CONRAD IV., Duke of Suabia, chosen King of the Romans in 1237, son of the great Emperor Frederick II., and like him was excommunicated by the Pope, Innocent IV., who set up a rival emperor in William, Count of Holland. On the death of his father, in 1250, Conrad marched into Italy to recover the towns which had declared against him. He took Naples, but could not get the investiture of the kingdom of Sicily from the Pope. He died in Italy in 1254. See CONRADIN.

1000 Classical Characters (1900)

A famous general of Athens , son of Timotheus . He was made governor of all the islands of the Athenians, and was defeated in a naval battle by Lysander . He defeated the Spartans near Cnidos, when Pisander , the enemy's admiral, was killed. He died in prison B. C. 393.

What Has Changed in the Last Century

Both entries describe men dead for well over two thousand years, and neither account needs correcting in substance. The 1900 Classical Characters volume is right that Conon the Athenian lost the fleet at Aegospotami in 405 B.C. and avenged it by crushing the Spartan navy off Cnidus in 394 B.C., with Peisander killed; its confident "died in prison B. C. 393" is the one soft spot, since modern scholars place his arrest by the Persian satrap Tiribazus around 392 and his death, probably in Cyprus, at about 390 B.C., with the circumstances unrecorded. Collier's astronomer, Conon of Samos, is now best known for something the 1921 entry does not mention: he named the constellation Coma Berenices after the hair of Berenice II of Egypt, and his mathematical work survives only through references in Archimedes and Apollonius of Perga. Otherwise both accounts read much as they would in a reference book today.

Written for this edition, 2026.