Constable
Constable names 2 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Constable JOHN, English landscape painter
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
JOHN, English landscape painter; born in East Bergholt, Suffolk, June 11, 1776; son of a miller. He studied at the Royal Academy; began with portraits and history, but finally fixed upon landscape his vocation. The National Gallery has his best pictures , "The Cornfield," "The Valley Farm," and "The Haywain." In 1824 some of his pictures were exhibited at the Paris Salon, and excited great interest among the French artists. To these pictures of Constable a more powerful influence upon modern French landscape art has been ascribed than the facts will warrant. Paul Huet, Théodore Rousseau, and Diaz were all working before Constable's pictures went to France; but they were working in obscurity. Georges Michel , one of the greatest of these men (born 1763, died 1843), was entirely independent of Constable; but he was hardly known to his with it by a long covered bridge across the Rhine. The city has manufactories of cotton goods, carpets , chemicals, and sacking. Constance is said to have been founded in 378 A. D. by Constantius Chlorus as a bulwark against the Alemanni . In the Middle Ages, when it reached the height of its prosperity, it was frequently called Kostnitz. It was annexed to the Austrian dominions in 1549, and to Baden in 1805. Pop. about 30,000.
Constable ARCHIBALD, a Scotch publisher
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
ARCHIBALD, a Scotch publisher; born in 1774. He was the original publisher of the "Edinburgh Review," the poems of Sir Walter Scott, the "Waverley Novels ," the "Supplement to the Encyclopædia Britannica," and other valuable works. In 1825 he pront nd jected the well-known series of works, "Constable's Miscellany. " In 1826, however, the firm was compelled to stop payment with liabilities exceeding $1,250,- 000. Sir Walter Scott , who was heavily involved, practically sacrificed his life in the endeavor to meet his creditors , and Constable himself died in 1827. an
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's in 1921 listed only three Constables in the National Gallery and went out of its way to deflate the claim that his 1824 Paris showing shaped French landscape painting. Both points have shifted: the sketches and full-size studies that Victorian taste treated as unfinished by-products are now central to his reputation, held in quantity by the Tate and the Victoria and Albert Museum, and his effect on Delacroix and the Barbizon painters is generally accepted, if still debated in degree. He is now among the most valuable of British painters — "The Lock" fetched about £22.4 million at auction in 2012 — and the Suffolk country round East Bergholt and Flatford is marketed as "Constable Country," with the mill scenes in National Trust care. The note on Archibald Constable stands as written: he remains remembered for the "Edinburgh Review," the Waverley Novels and the 1826 crash that broke both him and Scott.
Written for this edition, 2026.