Cribbage
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a game played by two persons with a complete pack of 52 playing-cards. It is divided into two classes; the five-card and six-card games. The five-card is the original game, and affords the greatest scope for the exercise of skill. The points are scored upon a board, and 61 points constitute the game. All the king's, queens, knaves, and tens count as ten each, and the rest of the cards acording to the ordinary value; that is, six for six, five for five, and so on. The points which reckon for the game are fifteens, sequences, flushes, pairs, etc. After dealing, the players gather up their cards, and having taken out two each, place them, with their faces down, on the table. These four cards form the crib, which becomes the property of the dealer, under certain conditions. Points are scored in two different ways in cribbage-first in play, and second in reckoning up the cards held. After the crib is put out, the pack is cut by the non-dealer, and a card turned up by the dealer. When this card is a knave, it is called two for his heels, and counts two to the dealer; and a knave held in hand, of the same kind as to ther turn-pardone for hisob the turn-up card, entitles the player A six-card cribbage is played in a very similar manner, but is inferior in science to five-card cribbage. When three parties play at the game, each plays on his own account; and when four play, sides are generally chosen.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
The rules Collier's set out in 1921 are still the rules: fifteens, pairs, runs and flushes, "two for his heels" when a jack is turned, and the crib belonging to the dealer. What has flipped is the verdict on which game is best. Collier's called the five-card game "the original" with "the greatest scope for the exercise of skill" and dismissed six-card cribbage as "inferior in science"; six-card is now the standard everywhere, played to 121 points (twice round the board) rather than Collier's 61, and it is the form used by the American Cribbage Congress, founded in 1980, and by the online and computer versions that carry most play today. The word "knave" for the jack has also largely dropped out of English-language card talk.
Written for this edition, 2026.