Cushing
Cushing names 3 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Cushing WILLIAM BARKER, an American naval officer
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
WILLIAM BARKER, an American naval officer; born in Delafield, Wis., Nov. 4, 1842. He entered the navy as a volunteer officer in 1861, and distinguished himself in a number of brilliant operations. His greatest exploit was in October, 1864. For some time previous nothing had been able to cope with the Confederate ram "Albemarle" in the sounds of North Carolina. She had successfully encountered a strong fleet of Federal gunboats and fought for several hours without sustaining material damage. Cushing volunteered to destroy the ram, and on the night of Oct. 27 accomplished the feat. For this he received the thanks of Congress, and was made a lieutenant-commander, becoming a commander in 1872. He died in Washington, D. C., Dec. 17, 1874.
Cushing FRANK HAMILTON
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
FRANK HAMILTON, an when 19 years old was made curator of at the Centennial the ethnological exhibit Exposition in Philadelphia. Accompanying Powell's New Mexico expedition, he settled among the Zuni Indians for the purpose of study. In 1881 he conducted excavations in Arizona, and in 1895 discovered archæological remains in Florida. In 1897 he became connected with the United States Bureau of Ethnology. Among his works are "The Myths of Creation," and "The Arrow." He died in Washington, April 10, 1900.
Cushing CALEB, an American jurist
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
CALEB, an American jurist, statesman, and diplomatist; born in Salisbury, Mass., Jan. 17, 1800. He was United States commissioner to China (1843-1844); Attorney-General (1853- 1857); counsel before the Geneva Arbitration Tribunal (1871-1872); minister to Spain (1874-1877). He published: "Reminiscences of Spain," "Life of William Henry Harrison" (1840); "History of Newburyport" (1826); etc. He died in Newburyport, Mass., Jan. 2, 1879.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
The biographical facts Collier's set down in 1921 still hold, but the reputations have shifted. Caleb Cushing's China mission produced the Treaty of Wanghia (1844), the first US treaty with China, now read chiefly as an early instrument of extraterritorial privilege; Collier's omits that Grant nominated him Chief Justice in 1874 and withdrew the name amid Senate opposition. Frank Hamilton Cushing's years among the Zuni are now treated as a founding episode of participant-observation ethnography and also criticised for his initiation into a Zuni society and his removal of sacred objects, while his Florida work at Key Marco yielded waterlogged wooden carvings, above all the small feline figure known as the Key Marco Cat, that remain among the great finds of North American archaeology. William B. Cushing's torpedo raid on the Albemarle is still taught at Annapolis, and successive US Navy destroyers have carried his name.
Written for this edition, 2026.