Cutting
Cutting names 3 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Cutting The result of violent attrition of molten metal on
The Encyclopedia of Founding (1892)
The result of violent attrition of molten metal on unprotected and unsuitably prepared mould surfaces. When, because of dampness, steam forms more rapidly than it can escape through the vents, it forces its way through the surface and lifts a portion of the mould's skin with it, forming a scab at that place. This by some is improperly termed a "cut" place. Cutting means a forced displacement of the surface caused by undue abrasion, or impact. The former happens when a large quantity of metal is urged over a surface not sufficiently unyielding in its nature to resist it successfully; the latter when such surfaces are subjected to a fall of metal high enough to break them. See SCABBED CASTINGS; CURRENT; GATES; RUNNERS.
Cutting R(OBERT) FULTON
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
R(OBERT) FULTON, an American financier; born in New York City in 1852. He graduated from Columbia in the class of 1871, and later entered the field of municipal reform in New York City. In 1892 he became president of the Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor, and in 1899 he was elected president of the New York Trade School Association, a position he still holds. He has also contributed largely to the support of the Bureau of Municipal Research in New York City.
Cutting MARY STEWART (DOUBLEDAY)
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
MARY STEWART (DOUBLEDAY), an American novelist and short-story writer; born in New York City in 1851. While still a girl, she wrote verse for "Lippincott's." In 1875 she married Charles W. Cutting. Her most important novels were: "Little Stories of Married Life" (1902); "The Wayfarers" (1908); "Just for Two" (1909); "The Lovers of Sanna" (1912); "Re "Refractory Husbands" (1913).
What Has Changed in the Last Century
The Encyclopedia of Founding's 1892 distinction between a "cut" and a "scab" survives in the trade: "cut and wash" is still a recognised sand-casting defect, caused exactly as described, by metal scouring a mould surface it can displace. What has changed is that foundries no longer diagnose such faults only after breaking open the mould "is now modelled in advance with computer solidification and mould-filling simulation, so gate and runner layouts can be tested before any metal is poured. The two Collier's biographies have both closed: R. Fulton Cutting, whose New York Trade School presidency the 1921 account gives as "a position he still holds", died in 1934, long known in the city's press as its "first citizen"; the novelist Mary Stewart Cutting died in 1924, and her once-popular domestic stories of married life have fallen almost entirely out of print.
Written for this edition, 2026.