Day
Day names 5 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Day WILLIAM RUFUS, an American jurist
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
WILLIAM RUFUS, an American jurist; born in Ravenna, O., April 17, 1849. He was graduated from the University of Michigan in 1870, and at the law school of the same institution in 1872. He immediately opened a law office in Canton, O. In 1886 he was elected judge of the Court of Common Pleas and in 1889 was appointed judge of the United States Circuit Court for the Northern District of Ohio, but declined. In 1897 he was appointed Assistant Secretary of State by President McKinley, and in 1898 became Secretary of State, conducting all the negotiations of the Spanish War. He was also made member of the commission which a framed the treaty of peace with Spain in Paris. In 1899 he was appointed a U. S. Circuit judge, and in 1903 to the Supreme bench. DAYLIGHT SAVING. The benefits to be derived from a change in the hours of general activity, having for its object more daylight leisure and the lessening of work performed by artificial light, had long been a subject of theory before the World War. Germany and Austria were the first to put it into practice in May, 1916, by the simple expedient of advancing the clocks by an hour and following the new schedule during the summer months. The expedient was immediately adopted also in England, Denmark, Holland, France, Italy, and other countries. The movement spread to the United States, and a bill to effect daylight saving was passed by the Senate to take effect Jan. 1, 1918, but remained in committee during the year in the House of Representatives. Following the entry of the United States into the World War an act was passed by Congress in March, 1918, as a result of which the standard time of the United States was advanced one hour on March 31, so to continue to October 27. In 1919 the law again became effective on the last Sunday in March, in accordance with a report por submitted to the Director-General of Railroads by the Committee on Transportation of the American Railway Association. The General Order No. 61, issued by the Director-General of Railroads, provided that all clocks and watches in train despatchers' offices and in all other offices open at 2 A. M. should be advanced one hour to indicate 3 A. M. It was further provided that at 2 A. M. of the last Sunday in October all clocks and watches in train despatchers' offices, and in other offices open at the time, should be turned back one hour, to indicate 1 A. M., the trains conforming to the new schedule after the change of time. The Daylight Saving Law did not receive general acceptance and, in 1919, an active movement was in progress to repeal it, particularly among people living in the country and engaged in farming occupations. As a result an act for the repeal of the Daylight Saving Law was passed by both the House of Representatives and the Senate, but was vetoed by the President. The bill was passed, however, in both Houses over the President's veto. In New York City the Board of Aldermen unanimously passed an ordinance providing for the local use of the daylight saving scheme, which was put into effect during the summer of 1920. It thus came about that the people in the city of New York regulated their hours according to local time, while the clocks at the great railroad termini stood at an hour behind that of the other clocks in the city.
Day the time taken by the earth to revolve once on its axis
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
the time taken by the earth to revolve once on its axis. This varies according to the method adopted in making the calculation. A solar day is the interval between the time of the sun's coming to the meridian and returning to it again. Similarly a sidereal day is the interval between the time of a star's con coming to the meridian and again returning to it on the immediately subsequent night. A mean solar day is 24 hours long. A mean sidereal day is about 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds. The reason of the difference is that the sun appears to go slowly to the E. through the stars, which makes them reach the meridian in a shorter time than he does, if the estimate be made by sun-time. An apparent day is the interval which exists between two successive transits of the sun across the meridian. An astronomical day is a day beginning at 1 P. M. and continuing to the next. It is divided into 24 hours, not into two periods of 12 hours each. A day, in law, includes the whole 24 hours from midnight to midnight. In reckoning periods of time from a certain event, the day on which the event occurred is excluded. On the other hand, if it be required to prove survival for a certain number of days, it will suffice if the person be alive for any portion, however small, of the last day. While an obligation to pay on a certain day would therefore be theoretically discharged by payment before midnight, the law requires that reasonable hours be observed-e. g., if the payment (as a bill) is at a bank or place of business, it must be within business hours. Days of Grace. The time at which a bill is actually due and payable, except in the case of bills payable on demand or at sight, is three days after the time expressed on the face of it, and these three additional days are called days of grace. In England, if the third day of grace fall on a Sunday, Christmas day, Good Friday, or a national fast or thanksgiving day, the bill is payable the day before. If it fall on any of the other bank holidays, or if the last day of grace is a Sunday and the second a bank holiday, the bill is payable on the succeeding business day. Days of grace have now been abolished in many countries, but there are still three allowed in some of the United States, and 10 in Russia. In the United States a bill or note, becoming due on a Sunday or a holiday, is payable on the first business day thereafter.
Day an astronomical term of varied meaning
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
an astronomical term of varied meaning. Ordinarily it is the period of light, as distinguished from the darkness or night. It also means a period of twenty-four hours. In the latter sense the day of the Babylonians, from whom we have many astronomical ideas, began at sunrise. Among the Jews and Greeks the day began at the going down of the sun. This was formerly the observance in New England . All labor and play ceased at sunset Saturday. As soon as the sun went down Sunday the children of the village burst forth with many shouts to play. Among the Egyptians and Romans the day began at midnight. Our day, derived from legal sources, that is to say, from Roman law, has finally prevailed over the Hebrew day as derived from the Bible. The question of convenience has been a determining factor. It would be gain in many respects if the twenty-four hours of the day were numbered from one to twenty-four consecutively, making 2 P. M. 14 o'clock, etc. The day, as distinguished from the night, is of uniform length only on the equator. The summer day lengthens as we go from the equator toward either pole. The following table gives the length of the longest day in different latitudes: At the equator 12 hours. Latitude 10 Deg 12.7 hours. Latitude 20 Deg 13.3 hours. At the tropics 13.5 hours. Latitude 30 Deg 14.0 hours. Latitude 35 Deg 14.5 hours. Latitude 40 Deg 15.0 hours. Latitude 45 Deg 15.6 hours. Latitude 50 Deg 16.3 hours. Latitude 55 Deg 17.3 hours. Latitude 60 Deg 18.7 hours. At the polar circle 24.0 hours. Latitude 67 1/2 Deg 1 month. Latitude 69 1/2 Deg 2 months. Latitude 73.3 Deg 3 months. Latitude 78.3 Deg 4 months. Latitude 84 Deg 5 months. At either pole 6 months. The longest day for each locality equals the longest night for the same locality, but it comes six months later. When a locality in the northern hemisphere is having its longest day and shortest night, the corresponding locality in the southern hemisphere is having its shortest day and longest night. See Season; Norway ; Equinox
Day HOLMAN FRANCIS, an American writer
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
HOLMAN FRANCIS, an American writer, born in Vassalboro, Me., in 1865. He graduated from Colby College in 1887, and for many years was engaged in newspaper work in New England. He was a frequent contributor, both of prose and poetry, to magazines, and wrote many novels, including "Rainy Day Railroad War" (1906); "Old King Spruce" (1910); "Blow the Man Down" (1916); "The Rider of the King Log" (1919). He also wrote several plays and published volumes of verse.
Day WILLIAM RUFUS, resigned from the Supreme Court
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
WILLIAM RUFUS, resigned from the Supreme Court, November 14, 1922, to act as American representative on the German-American Mixed Claims Commission.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's wrote in 1921 while William Rufus Day still sat on the Supreme Court; he retired in 1922 and died the following year, in 1923. The astronomical convention Collier's describes, of a day beginning at noon, was dropped in 1925, and the day is no longer defined by the Earth's rotation at all: since 1967 the second has been fixed by caesium atomic clocks, with leap seconds added from 1972 to keep clock time in step with a rotation that is neither perfectly uniform nor exactly 24 hours. Daylight saving, which the entry watched collapse into chaos after Congress overrode the President's veto in 1919 and New York's clocks ran an hour ahead of its railway termini, was only made orderly in the United States by the Uniform Time Act of 1966; the summer period was last extended in 2007, and now runs from March to early November. The three "days of grace" on a bill of exchange, still allowed in some states in 1921, have since vanished from American commercial law.
Written for this edition, 2026.