District
District names 2 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
District CONGRESSIONAL, in the United States
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
CONGRESSIONAL, in the United States, a division of a State according to its population, sufficient in size to entitle it to a representative in Congress. The ratio of representation is established by Congress every 10 years, and is based on the total population as reported by the last preceding census. This is in accordance with the provisions of the United States Constitution (Art. 1, Sec. 2), which further declares that the number of representatives shall not exceed one for every 30,000; and, lest some State might have less than the required population, that each State shall have at least one representative. The action of the Federal Government ceases with the fixing of the rate, and each State establishes the boundaries of its own districts by an act of its Legislature. There is, therefore, a decennial change in the number and often in the boundaries of the districts. The ratio of representation in the United States House of Representatives based on the different censuses was as follows: From 1789 to 1793 as by the 30,000 U. S. Constitution. .. From 1793 to 1803 based on the U. S. Census of....... 1790 From 1803 to 1813 based on 33,000 1800 the U. S. Census of.. From 1813 to 1823 based on the U. S. Census of...... 1810 From 1823 to 1833 based on 40,000 1820 the U. S. Census of. From 1833 to 1843 based on 47,700 1830 the U. S. Census of...... From 1843 to 1853 based on 70,680 1840 the U. S. Census of...... From 1853 to 1863 based on 93,425 1850 the U. S. Census of.... From 1863 to 1873 based on 127,381 the U. S. Census of...... 1860 From 1873 to 1883 based on 1870 the U. S. Census of...... From 1883 to 1893 based on the U. S. Census of...... 1880 From 1893 to 1903 based on the U. S. Census of...... 1890 From 1903 to 1913 based on 1900 U. S. Census of.. From 1913 based on U.S. 212,407 1910 Census of.
District CONGRESSIONAL val and military service
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
CONGRESSIONAL val and military service. Foreign officers who have been associated in naval and military operations with British forces are eligible to be honorary members, and the order ranks next to that of the Indian Empire. The badge is a gold cross enameled white, edged gold, with the imperial crown on one side and the cipher V. R. I. on the other, each inclosed in a laurel wreath.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's wrote in 1921 that Congress resets the ratio of representation every ten years a figure it gave as 212,407 people per district after the 1910 census and that "the action of the Federal Government ceases with the fixing of the rate." The Permanent Apportionment Act of 1929 froze the House at 435 seats, so the ratio is now simply whatever division produces 435 districts: about 761,000 people each after the 2020 census. The claim that districting is purely a matter for state legislatures has also collapsed: in Wesberry v. Sanders (1964) the Supreme Court required congressional districts within a state to be roughly equal in population, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 subjected map-drawing to federal scrutiny. Partisan gerrymandering, however, was held non-justiciable in federal courts in Rucho v. Common Cause (2019), leaving that fight to state courts and independent commissions.
Written for this edition, 2026.