Dominic
Dominic names 2 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Dominic SAINT, the founder of the of the order Dominicans
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
SAINT, the founder of the of the order Dominicans; born in Calahorra, in Old Castile, in 1170. He early distinguished himself by his zeal for the reform of the canonical life and by his success as a missionary among the Mohammedans. His attention having been directed to the Albigenses in the S. of France, he organized a preachers mission of against heresy in Languedoc. In 1215 he went to Rome to obtain the sanction of Pope Innocent III. to erect the mission into a new order of preaching friars. His request was only partiallly granted, and it was the succeeding Pope, Honorius III., who conferred full privileges on the Dominicans . He also appointed Dominic Master of the Sacred Palace or court preacher to the Vatican, an office which is still held by one of the order. Dominic died in Bologna in 1221, and was canonized in 1234 by Pope Gregory IX. St. Dominic is usually considered the founder of the Inquisition, but this claim is denied on the ground that two Cistercian monks were appointed inquisitors in 1198.
Dominic SAINT logical Survey in 1903
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
SAINT logical Survey in 1903, and in 1905- 1907 was engaged in travel and exploration in southwestern United States and in Mexico. From 1912 to 1917 he was geographer and editorial writer for the American Geographical Society. In 1918 he carried on special investigations on boundary problems for the Department of State. He served at the American Peace Commission in Paris in 1919. He was a member of many geographical societies and was the author of "The Frontiers of Language and Nationality in Europe" (1917).
What Has Changed in the Last Century
The outline Collier's gave in 1921 still holds: Dominic, born in Old Castile around 1170, preached against the Albigensians, sought papal approval in 1215, and died at Bologna in 1221 and was canonized in 1234. Two details have firmed up since. Modern scholarship places his birth at Caleruega rather than Calahorra, and it now flatly rejects the notion that he founded the Inquisition y Gregux Gregory IX, formal papal inquisitors were only commissioned in the 1230s, a decade after Dominic's death, though Dominicans went on to staff the institution heavily; likewise the story that the Virgin handed him the rosary is treated as a fifteenth-century legend. The one office Collier's noted as surviving, Master of the Sacred Palace, still exists and is still a Dominican post, though since 1968 it has been styled Theologian of the Pontifical Household.
Written for this edition, 2026.