Durham
Durham names 3 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below. 1 of them is described by more than one encyclopedia.
Durham an ancient city and parliamentary borough in England
Described by 2 of the 6 encyclopedias.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
an ancient city and parliamentary borough in England, capital of the county of the same name, on the river Wear, which is crossed here by four bridges, 14 miles S. of Newcastle. The principal public buildings (now appropriated to the buildings are the ancient castle (now uses of the university), the cathedral, and other churches, the town hall, county prison, and the grammar school. The educational institutions comprise the university, the grammar school, training school for school-mistresses, and other schools. There are manufactures of carpeting and mustard. The cathedral occupies a height overlooking the Wear. The larger portion of it is Norman in style, with insertions in all the English styles. Three magnificent and elaborately ornamented towers spring up from the body of the building, one from the center 212 feet high, and two together from the W. end, each 143 feet high; the entire length is 420 feet. It was founded by William de Carilephe and Malcolm, King of Scotland, in 1093. Pop. about 15,000.
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
dur'um, an English county and cathedral town. One traveling northward passes through Durham midway from York to Edinburgh. The county possesses the most extensive coal measures in England. Newcastle, at the mouth of the Tyne, is the port of export, whence the proverbial expression for uselessness--to carry coals to Newcastle. The Durham breed of domestic cattle originated here. Durham city is noted for its ancient cathedral, founded, it is believed, by Malcolm of Scotland in 1093. This cathedral is one of the great edifices of England. Durham was one of the early seats of English culture. See York ; Canterbury
Durham JOHN GEORGE LAMB- TON, EARL OF
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
JOHN GEORGE LAMB- TON, EARL OF, an English statesman; born in Lambton Hall, Durham, April 12, 1792. Of decided liberal sympathies, Parliament: his native county, and took an active part in furthering all projects of a reforming tendency. In 1828 he was raised to the peerage, with the title of Baron Durham of the city of Durham. Under the administration of Lord Grey (1830) he held the office of Lord Privy Seal, and was one of the four persons who drew up the Reform Bill, and supported it in the House of Lords. He resigned office in 1833 and was made an earl. For a time he was ambassador at St. Petersburg. In 1838 he was appointed governor-general of Canada, where, owing to the revolt of the French in lower Canada, the constitution had been suspended. Dended. Lord Durham's measures were statesmanlike, but dictatorial; and the House of Lords voted disapproval of some of his acts. Thereupon he took the extraordinary step of returning to England without being either recalled or obtaining the royal consent. Lord Durham's famous report on Canada (which, however, was mainly written by his secretary, Charles Buller) anticipated many of the best features in the present Canadian constitution. He died in Cowes, Isle of Wight, July 28, 1840. DÜRRENSTEIN (dür'en-stin), a village in lower Austria, on the Danube, 41 miles N. W. of Vienna. Here are the ruins of the castle in which Leopold, Duke of Austria, imprisoned Richard Cœur de Lion on his return from Palestine, in 1192.
Durham a city in Durham co.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city in Durham co., N. C.; on the Southern Air Line, the Southern, the Durham and South Carolina, and the Durham and Southern railroads; 26 miles N. W. of Raleigh. It is a tobacco and cotton-growing center, and the seat of Trinity College (M. E., S.). The manufacture of smoking tobacco is the staple industry of the place. It was the scene of the treaty between Generals Sherman and Johnston at the close of the Civil War. It has 2 National banks and two newspapers. Pop. (1910) 18,- 241; (1920) 21,719.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Aiton's 1910 note that Durham county "possesses the most extensive coal measures in England" is now history: the last Durham pits, including Easington and Wearmouth, closed in 1993, and the coalfield survives mainly in the Miners' Gala and in museums. The cathedral and castle that Collier's described in 1921 were made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986, and Durham University, then a small institution housed in the castle, now teaches some 20,000 students in a city of roughly 50,000. In North Carolina, the Trinity College named by Collier's was reorganised and renamed Duke University in 1924 after James B. Duke's endowment; smoking-tobacco manufacture, "the staple industry of the place," has ended, its warehouses converted, while Research Triangle Park (founded 1959) helped lift the population from 21,719 in 1920 to over 280,000. Lord Durham's 1839 report on Canada is still credited, as Collier's says, with anticipating responsible government, though historians now stress Charles Buller's and Edward Gibbon Wakefield's hands in it.
Written for this edition, 2026.