Gates
Gates names 3 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Gates HORATIO, an American military officer
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
HORATIO, an American military officer; born in Maldon, England, in 1728; joined the British army early in life. In 1755 he was assigned to duty at Halifax, N. S. He was shot through the body at the Monongahela river while with Braddock's expedition. In July, 1775, after offering his services eld to Congress, that body appointed him adjutantgeneral; in 1776 he was given command of a portion of the Northern army, and, Aug. 2, 1777, assumed command of the Northern department . He met and captured Burgoyne with his whole army at Saratoga, Oct. 7, 1777, for which he received a gold medal and a vote of thanks from Congress. In November of the same year he was appointed president of the new board of war and ordnance; and in 1778, while holding that post, sought with the aid of his friends in Congress to supersede Washington as commanderin-chief. This action soon brought him into discredit , and after fighting a duel with Wilkinson, his former adjutant, he resigned from active service. In June, 1780 , he again Vol. IV-Cyc-R entered the army, becoming commander of the troops in North Carolina . On Aug. 16, of that year, his army was defeated near Camden, S. C. He was soon afterward suspended from duty, but reinstated in his command in 1782 after the capture of Cornwallis. He died in New York City, April 10, 1806.
Gates MERRILL EDWARDS, an an publicist and educator
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
MERRILL EDWARDS, an an publicist and educator , born in American publi Warsaw, N. Y. , in 1848. He graduated from the University of Rochester in 1870. After teaching in private schools until 1882 he became president of Rutgers College, serving until 1890, when he was chosen president of Amherst College. In 1899 he was appointed secretary of the United States Board of Indian Commissioners, serving until 1912. He was for 6 years president of the Lake Mohonk Indian Conference, and was prominently identified with Y. M. C. A. work. He was the author of "International Arbitration " (1897); "Highest Use of Wealth" (1901). He lectured extensively on religious and ethical subjects. colonial
Gates SIR THOMAS, a governor of Virginia
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
SIR THOMAS, a governor of Virginia. He sailed from England in May, 1609, in charge of a colony col of 500 emigrants to the New World. His vessel, the "Sea Venture," was stranded on the rocks of Bermuda . Here the passengers built two new ships and finally reached Virginia in May, 1610. Gates went to England in the meantime and returned in 1611 with 300 more emigrants. He was made governor the same year and held that office till 1614, when he returned to England , and there died in 1621, or soon after .
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's wrote in 1921 that Horatio Gates "met and captured Burgoyne with his whole army at Saratoga"; modern historians hand much of that credit to Benedict Arnold, Daniel Morgan and the terrain, while noting that Gates rode some sixty miles from the field after his rout at Camden in 1780 — the flight, not the medal, now dominates his reputation. Sir Thomas Gates's wreck ceased to be only a story: the Sea Venture, lost on Bermuda in 1609, was located off St George's in 1958 and excavated from 1978, and the episode is now routinely read as a source for Shakespeare's The Tempest, a connection Collier's does not mention. Merrill Edwards Gates is the entry that has aged hardest — his work for the Board of Indian Commissioners and the Lake Mohonk conference was assimilationist reform, pressing allotment of tribal land, and that whole policy was reversed by the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, with the Board itself wound up in 1933.
Written for this edition, 2026.