Geneva
Geneva names 4 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below. 1 of them is described by more than one encyclopedia.
Geneva a town of Switzerland
Described by 2 of the 6 encyclopedias.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a town of Switzerland; capital of the canton of the same name; at the W. extremity of the Lake of Geneva, where the Rhône issues , here crossed by several bridges, and dividing the town into two portions, the larger and more important of which is on the left or S. bank. The upper town, occupied chiefly by the wealthier citizens, consists of well-built houses and handsome hotels; the lower town, the seat of trade and residence of the poorer classes. The more important public buildings are the cathedral or Church of St. Pierre, a Gothic structure of the 10th, 11th , and 12th centuries; the town house in the Florentine style; the Musée Rath, containing a collection of pictures, etc.; the university building , nearly opposite the botanic garden, rebuilt in 1867-1871, and containing the public library, founded by Bonivard (see BONIVARD, FRANÇOIS DE ) in 1551, and the Museum of Natural History. Manufactures , watches, musicboxes, and jewelry, for all of which the town is famed. In literature and science Geneva has long occupied a distinguished place, and it has been the birthplace or the residence of many eminent men , including Calvin, Beza, Knox, Le Sage, Necker, De Candolle , Rousseau, Sismondi, etc. Geneva early adopted the principles of the Reformation , and chic chiefly through the teaching of Calvin the town acquired an important influence over the spiritual life of Europe , and became the center of education for the Protestant youth of Great Britain, France, and Germany. Pop. for the commune (1919) 125,520. Geneva was at powers for chosen in 1919 by the great the home of the League of Nations and administration building was purchased in 1920. an The canton is bounded by the canton of Vaud and the Lake of Geneva, and by France; area, 108 square miles . Pop. (1919) 170,000. It belongs to the basin of the Rhône; the only important streams are that river and the Arve, which joins it a little below the town of Geneva. Manufactures, chiefly clocks and watches , music-boxes, mathematical instruments, gold, silver, and other metal wares, woolen cloths, and silk goods of various descriptions, hats, leather, and articles in leather; and there are numerous cotton mills, calico printing works, and dye works. The territory of Geneva having , through the Congress of Vienna, obtained an accession of 15 communes, detached from France and Savoy, was admitted a member of the Swiss Confederation in 1814, and ranks as the 22d canton. Its constitution of 1848 is the most democratic in the federation. All religious denominations are declared to have perfect freedom, but two of them are paid by the state-the Roman Catholics, amounting to rather more than a third of the population, and the Protestant National Church. Geneva was made the official meeting place of the League of Nations, and the first regular session convened there in November, 1920. Language, French.
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
with the canton of that name, is now a member of the Swiss confederation. It was for centuries, however, a small republic, independent of the great powers of Europe. For this reason it was the refuge of intellectual people who were persecuted by the despotic governments of Germany, France, Italy, and Russia. Many of the inhabitants are of Huguenot descent. The prevailing language is French; the prevailing religion, Protestant. Like other small countries, the territory of Geneva was subject to political revolutions of violence and intensity quite out of proportion to the size of the country, and was on that account the subject of more or less sport. "When I shake my wig," said Voltaire, "I powder the whole republic." Emperor Paul of Russia spoke of one of these revolutions as a tempest in a glass of water. Geneva has exercised an influence on the world's thought quite out of proportion to its size, rivaling Florence in this respect. Various revolutionary ideas have emanated from it. Calvin, the founder of Presbyterianism, resided here; Rousseau was born at Geneva; the botanist, De Candolle, Necker, Minister of France, and his daughter Madame de Stael, were natives of Geneva. Voltaire was long a resident here. We may say, therefore, that Geneva has played an important part in the history of the intellectual and social progress of Europe. The present canton has an area of 108 square miles, a population of 132,000, and seven representatives to the Swiss National Council. See Rhone ; Calvin ; Voltaire ; Servetus
Geneva LOOKING ACROSS ROUSSEAU ISLAND
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
LOOKING ACROSS ROUSSEAU ISLAND. MONT BLANC IS IN THE DISTANCE AT THE LEFT Chester, O., learned the trade of a carpenter during vacations, and was able to support himself in school from that time by his own exertions. In 1851 he entered an institute at Hiram, O. (now Hiram College), and went thence in 1854 to Williams College, and graduated in 1856. In 1857 he was made president of Hiram College, where he won reputation as an educator. In 1859 he was elected to the Ohio State Senate. In 1861 he was commissioned lieutenantcolonel of the 42d regiment of Ohio Volunteers, and was made a Brigadier he in a few months. During the war he distinguished himself more or less at Middle Creek, Shiloh, Corinth, and Chickamauga. In 1863 he left the army to enter Congress, declining the offer of JAMES A. GARFIELD a division command under Thomas. He remained in Congress 16 years. In 1880 he was elected United States Senator from Ohio, but in June the Republican National Convention nominated him to the presidency, and he was elected in November. A controversy arose early in his administration over the Federal offices in New York, especially the of fice of collector of the port of New York City, which led to the resignation resis from the United States Senate of Roscoe Conkling and Thomas C. Platt, of New York, after a bitter and heated contest in the Senate over the confirmation of Garfield's appointees. On July 2, 1881, when passing through the Baltimore and Potomac passenger station in Washington, in company with Mr. J. G. was shot by Charles J. Guiteau, a disappointed office-seeker. Garfield lived till Sept. 19, being cared for in a seaside residence at Elberon, N. J. His funeral was a state affair of great solemnity and pomp. A beautiful monument was raised over his remains in a cemetery overlooking Lake Erie, at Cleveland, O. GARFIELD, JAMES RUDOLPH, an American public official. Born at Hiram, Ohio, in 1865, the son of President Gar- After field, of the United States. graduating from Williams College in gra 1885, he studied law at Columbia University and was admitted to the bar in 1888. After serving as a member of the Ohio Senate he became in 1903, Commissioner of Corporations in the United States Department of the Interior. In 1907 President Roosevelt appointed him Secretary of the Interior, a position he held until the close of Roosevelt's administration. He took a prominent part in formulating and carrying ng out the President's conservation the cabinet he policies. Upon leaving ing took up the practice of law in Cleveland, Ohio.
Geneva je-ne'va, the largest city in Switzerland
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
je-ne'va, the largest city in Switzerland. It lies at the southwestern end of the lake of that name. It is situated on both sides of the river Rhone, the blue waters of which issue here as though propelled by hydraulic pressure. The two parts of the town are united by numerous bridges on which tourists never weary of congregating to watch the swift, arrowy current. The site of the city is a beautiful one. It is a charming place of residence. The summers are cool. In winter it is sheltered. Both banks of the lake are studded with villas with attractive gardens. Mountain paths in the vicinity command a magnificent panorama of the basin of Lake Geneva. The Jura Mountains, Mont Blanc in the distance, and the entire chain of the Savoy Alps, with the exquisite sunsets for which Switzerland is noted, are nowhere seen to better advantage than at Geneva. Over 120,000 travelers register yearly at the Geneva hotels--about 12,000 are from the United States and Canada. The town, itself, with its suburbs, contains about 118,000 inhabitants. It is noted for the manufacture of watches. A university maintained by the city attracts many students. It has large collections of antiquities, coins, medals, insects, and minerals. A botanic garden laid out by the celebrated De Candolle, a handsome theater, an art museum, and a conservatory of music add to the attractiveness of the city. The university is open to women. It is the leading Protestant university conducted in the French language.
Geneva a city in Ontario co.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city in Ontario co., N. Y.; on Seneca Lake, the Seneca and Cayuga Canal, and the New York Central and the Lehigh Valley railroads; 50 miles S. E. of Rochester. It is the seat of Hobart College, the Geneva Medical College, and the State Agricultural Experiment Station, and has important manufactures, extensive waterworks, public library, high school, lights and street railroads, and National banks. Pop. (1910) 12,446; (1920) 14,648.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's caught Geneva at a hinge moment in 1921, noting that an administration building had been bought in 1920 and that the League of Nations held its first regular session there in November of that year. The League failed and was wound up in 1946, but its purpose-built home, the Palais des Nations, completed in 1936, passed to the United Nations and remains the organisation's main European seat; the WHO, the ILO, the WTO and the International Committee of the Red Cross are all headquartered in the city, and the CERN particle-physics laboratory was founded on its outskirts in 1954. The population figures have roughly tripled at canton level, from the 170,000 Collier's gives for 1919 to well over half a million today, though the city proper is still around 200,000. Watches and jewellery are still made and sold there, but banking and international diplomacy now dominate the economy far more than Collier's music-boxes and calico printing works.
Written for this edition, 2026.