Gettysburg
2 of the 7 encyclopedias on this shelf carry an entry for Gettysburg. Both are reproduced below, so you can see where they agree and where they differ.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
BATTLE OF, a battle fought July 1-3, 1863, between the Union army under General Meade, and the Confederates under General Lee. During May the armies lay fronting each other upon the Rappahannock. Early in June Lee began his movement for the invasion of Pennsylvania, crossing the Potomac on the 24th and 25th, and reaching Chambersburg, Pa., on the 27th. General Hooker, then in command of the Army of the Potomac, moved in the same general direction, but on the 28th was relieved, and the command given to Meade. In order to prevent his communications from being severed, Lee turned back toward Gettysburg to give battle. Meade had intended to give battle at a spot several miles from Gettysburg, near which was, however, a small portion of his army. This came into collision a little before noon, July 1, with: the advance of Lee, and was forced back, taking up a strong position on Cemetery Hill, in the rear of Gettysburg. Hancock, who had been sent forward to examine the position, reported that Gettysburg was the place at which to receive the Confederate attack, and Meade hurried his whole force to that point. The action on the second day, July 2, began about noon with an_attempt made by Lee to seize Round Top. a rocky hill from which the Union position could be enfiladed. When this day's fighting closed Lee was convinced that he had greatly the advantage, and he resolved to press it the next day. On the morning of July 3 an attempt was made upon the extreme Union right, but repelled. The main attack on the center was preluded by a cannonade from 150 guns, which was replied to by 80, little injury being inflicted by either side. About noon the Union fire was slackened in order to cool the guns, and Lee, thinkwere silenced ing that the batteries launched a column of 15,000 or 18,000 against the Union lines. Some of this column actually surmounted the low works, and a brief hand-to-hand fight ensued. But the column was practically annihilated, only a small portion escaping death or capture. The forces on each side were probably about 80,000, though all were not really really engaged. No official report of the Confederate loss was ever published; the best estimates put it at about 18,000 killed and wounded, and 13,600 missing, most of them prisoners. The Union loss was 23,187, 16,543 of whom were killed and wounded. GEYSER (gizer) (Icelandic geysa = to gush), in geology, an intermittent hot spring, the most notable specimens being those in the Yellowstone region of the those of the S. W. Rocky Mountains and division of Iceland, about 30 miles from Mount Hecla. Nearly 100 of the latter are said to break out within a circle of 2 miles. Few of them play longer than five or six minutes at a time, though sometimes they go on for half an hour. The largest is called the Great Geyser. It has a pipe 78 feet in vertical depth, and from 8 to 10 feet in diameter, but gradually widening as it rises into the basin. The latter is 56 feet long by 46 feet broad, and is lined with an incrustation of silica deposited from the hot water, the process being aided by the alkali soda, which, with minute quan- 中中中中中中中中中中中小事 GUNS PENDER ψ ψ ψ ψ ψ ψ ψ ψ 州州 WRIGHT PICKETT HAYS GUNS GIBBON WILCOX WEBB HALL ///// 2ND. POSITION 1ST CORPS WILCOX 10 5TH CORPS LITTLE ROUND TOP 0 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG tities of various salts, exists in the water. When the geyser is about to act, subterranean noises are heard like the distant firing of cannon, and the earth is slightly shaken; then a column of the liquid element is thrown up to the height of 100 or 200 feet. Steam after a time makes its way out of the rent, and the fountain ceases to play. The second in size is the Strokkur. If stones or turf be thrown down its pipe, an eruption will follow within a few minutes, and eject them with great force. Geyser action is produced by the heating of the lower part of the geyser tube. There GUNS Gettysburg CEMETERY HILL ミラク ミ 11TH CDRPS 1ST CORPS 000 CULP'S HILL 12TH CORPS ווי 2ND CORPS DOUBLEDAY RESERVE 忡忡忡忡ARTILLERY 3RD CORPS RESERVE LONGSTREET KILPATRICK ROUND TOP are also some remarkable geysers in New Zealand in the Northern Island.
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
a town in southern Pennsylvania, thirty-six miles southwest of Harrisburg. It is noted as the scene of the battle of Gettysburg, fought in this vicinity July 1-3, 1863. General Lee decided to invade the North. He crossed the Potomac and met the Federal forces under General Meade here. The Federal army assumed the defensive, taking a strong position in the form of a semicircle, with Gettysburg as its center. The strongest positions held were Cemetery Hill and Round Top . The principal position of the opposing Confederates was Seminary Ridge. The battles of the first and the second day were severe, but not decisive. On the third day Lee determined to make a supreme effort. After shelling the Federal position from one until half-past two, he ordered an advance against Cemetery Hill. Pickett's brigade executed one of the greatest charges known in military history, but the Federals poured in shot and canister, and, when his troops came near enough, delivered a withering musketry fire before which no soldier could stand. Pickett retired down the slope in disorder. The battle of Gettysburg was lost and won. Lee retired to the southern side of the Potomac. The battle of Gettysburg is termed the decisive battle of the war. Certainly the Confederates never rallied from this defeat. There were about 80,000 Federal troops in action. The Federal loss was 23,186. General Lee had about 70,000 troops and lost 31,621 men. Lee's principal generals in the battle of Gettysburg were Longstreet, Ewell, Hill, Stuart, and Pickett. Meade was supported by Sickles, Reynolds, Sedgwick, Kilpatrick, and Hancock. It was the bloodiest battle of the Civil War. More lives were lost than in the battle of Waterloo. The site of the battle is now occupied as a national cemetery. The various states have erected memorials to their soldiers who fell here. Every patriot should read and reread the Gettysburg address delivered by Abraham Lincoln at the dedication of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg, November 19, 1863: Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any other nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We are met to dedicate a portion of it as the final resting place of those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this, but in a large sense we cannot dedicate--we cannot consecrate--we cannot hallow this ground--the brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far beyond our power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work that they have thus far so nobly carried on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us, that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.