Gibbons
Gibbons names 2 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Gibbons JAMES, an American prelate
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
JAMES, an American prelate; born in Baltimore, Md., July 23, 1834; was taken to Ireland by his parents early in life. Returning to the United States in 1848 he settled in New was educated at St. Charles Orleans; Orleans; College, Maryland, and at Mary's Seminary, Baltimore; was ordained to the Roman Catholic priesthood in June, 1861; and appointed as assistant in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Baltimore. Later he became the private secretary of Archbishop Spalding, and chancellor of the diocese. In 1868 he was made vicarapostolic of North Carolina, with the rank of bishop; and in 1877 became Archbishop of Baltimore. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 1886, being the second Roman Catholic in the United States to receive that promotion. In 1891 Cardinal Gibbons denounced Peter P. Cahensly's plan for racial U. S. church grouping, which soon made the movement lar. His publications Faith of Our Fathers, " " Our CARDINAL GIBBONS Heritage, " and " The Christ." He died March 24, 1921.
Gibbons HERBERT ADAMS, an American writer
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
HERBERT ADAMS, an American writer, born at Annapolis, Md., in 1880. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1902. He studied theology and was ordained to the Presbyterian ministry in 1908. From that year, however, he acted as correspondent for several papers in Turkey, Egypt, and the Balkan states. He was also correspondent to the "Century" and "Harper's" magazines. From 1910 to 1913 he was professor of history and political economy at Robert College, and in 1917- 1918 he was American lecturer for French foreign affairs ministry, in France. He was Spencer Trask lecturer at Princeton in 1919. His writings include "The New Map of Europe" (1914); "The Foundation of the Ottoman Empire" (1915); "The New Map of Africa" (1916); "The New Map of Asia" 19); and "France and Ourselves" (1920).
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's went to press just in time to record that Cardinal James Gibbons "died March 24, 1921" — he was then only the second American ever made a cardinal, after John McCloskey. American Catholicism has since grown far beyond that: dozens of U.S. cardinals have been created, Washington was split from Baltimore as a separate archdiocese in 1939 and became the more politically prominent see, and Gibbons's "The Faith of Our Fathers," a bestseller in his lifetime, is now read chiefly as a period piece of apologetics. The other Gibbons, Herbert Adams, was still writing in 1921; he died in 1934, and the thesis of his "Foundation of the Ottoman Empire" (1916) — that the Ottoman state grew out of Greek converts to Islam — was overturned within a generation, first by Paul Wittek's rival "gazi" theory of 1938 and later by scholars who rejected both.
Written for this edition, 2026.