Goschen
Goschen names 2 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Goschen GEORGE JOACHIM (gō' shen)
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
GEORGE JOACHIM (gō' shen), an English statesman; born in London, England, Aug. 10, 1831. He was educated at Rugby and Oriel College, Oxford. In 1863 he entered Parliament as a Liberal for the city of London. When Lord Russell, after Palmerston's death, reorganized the Liberal ministry, Goschen vice-president he appointed of the Board of Trade, in November, 1865. In the following January the latter tered the cabinet as chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. When Gladstone became prime minister in 1868, Goschen took office as president of the poor-law board and in 1871 the head of the admiralty, which post he retained till the fall of the Gladstone ministry in 1874. His next public work was the regulation, the in conjunction with Joubert, of Egyptian finances (1876). In 1878 he represented Great Britain at the International Monetary Conference held at Paris, and two years afterward, as ambassador extraordinary to the Porte, enforced on Turkey the fulfillment toward Greece of the treaty of Berlin. He strenuously opposed home rule; in 1887- 1892 was Unionist Chancellor of the Exchequer, and in 1888 converted part of the national debt. In 1895-1896, as First Lord of the Admiralty, he made provision for increasing the navy. He published "Foreign Exchanges" (16th edition, 1894), besides addresses, pamphlets, books on education, etc.; and was Lord Rector of Aberdeen and Edinburgh Universities. He sat for London 1863- 1880; Ripon 1880-1885; East Edinburgh 1885-1886, and St. George's, 1887-1886. He died in 1907.
Goschen SIR WILLIAM ED- WARD, an English diplomat
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
SIR WILLIAM ED- WARD, an English diplomat, born in London, in 1847. He was educated at Rugby and entered the diplomatic service in 1869. He served successively in various capacities at Buenos Aires, Paris, Rio de Janeiro, Peking, Copenhagen, Washington, and St. Petersburg. From 1898 to 1900 he was Ambassador at Belgrade and filled the same post at Copenhagen from 1900 to 1905. After three years of service as Ambassador at Vienna, he was in 1908 made Ambassador to Germany. He occupied this post at the outbreak of the World War, and took part in vain efforts to persuade the German Government to refrain from hostile measures.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's, writing in 1921, notes that George Joachim Goschen "in 1888 converted part of the national debt" — the low-coupon undated stock created by that conversion became known as "Goschens," and the last of Britain's undated 2.5 per cent consols descended from it were finally redeemed by the Treasury in 2015, more than 125 years on. His book on the foreign exchanges, then in its 16th edition, is now read as a historical classic rather than a manual. The second entry, on Sir Edward Goschen, was written while he was still living: as ambassador in Berlin he had the 4 August 1914 interview in which Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg reportedly dismissed the Belgian neutrality treaty as a "scrap of paper," a phrase that became Allied propaganda; he died in 1924. Otherwise both careers are settled history and the accounts stand.
Written for this edition, 2026.