Guise
Guise names 2 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below. 1 of them is described by more than one encyclopedia.
Guise the name of a branch of the ducal family of Lorraine
Described by 2 of the 6 encyclopedias.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
the name of a branch of the ducal family of Lorraine, which it derives from the town of Guise, in the department of Aisne. CLAUDE OF LORRAINE, first Duke of Guise, fifth son of René II., Duke of Lorraine; born at the château of Condé, Oct. 20, 1496. Attaching himself to Francis I., he fought with distinction at Marignano in 1516; but after that campaign remained at home to defend France against the English and Germans (1522-1523). During the captivity of Francis I., after Pavia, Claude of Guise suppressed the peasant revolt in Francis, Lorraine (1527), for which Fi which after his return home, created him Duke of Guise. He died April 12, 1550. His daughter, MARY OF LORRAINE, born Nov. 22, 1515; in 1538 became the wife of James V. of Scotland. By his death in 1542 she was left a widow with one child, Mary, Queen of Scots. Under the regency of Arran which followed, war broke out between England and Scotland, partly on account of the claims which Henry VIII. made with regard to the infant Mary's marriage, and partly on religious grounds. Mary of Lorraine during those years acted with much wisdom and moderation; but after her own accession to the regency in 1554, she allowed the Guises too much to influence being that the her policy, the result bei Protestant nobles combined against her in 1559. This rebellion, which she was assisted by French troops to repress, continued almost to the time of her death, which took place in Edinburgh Castle, June 10, 1560. FRANCIS, second Duke of Guise, son of the first duke; born in Bar, Feb. 17, 1519; became one of the greatest generals of France. At the siege of Boulogne in 1545 he gained the nickname of Balafré from a severe wound in his face. Seven years later he held Metz gloriously against Charles V. of Germany and thus prevented an invasion of France. He added to his reputation at Renti in 1554, fighting against the troops of Charles V., and in 1556 took command of the expedition against Naples. Recalled in the following year to defend the N. frontier against the English, he took Calais in 1558 and other towns, and brought about the treaty of Château Cambrésis in 1559. He and his brother Charles, the cardinal, probably the most capable man of the Guises, who afterward played a prominent part at the Council of Trent, then managed to possess themselves of all real power during the reign of the weak King Francis II. Putting themselves at the head of the Roman Catholic opposition to the Reformation, they repressed Protestantism with a strong arm. In the war between Huguenots and Catholics Guise and Montmorency won a victory at Dreux in 1562, and the former was besieging Orleans when he was assassinated by by a Huguenot nobleman, on Feb. 18, 1563. HENRY I., third Duke of Guise, son of Francis; born December 31, 1550. Filled by the murder of his father with bitter hatred of the Protestants, he fought fiercely against them, at Jarnac in March, 1569, and Moncontour in October, 1569, and in the same year forced Coligny to raise the siege of Poitiers. He was one of the contrivers of the massacre of St. Bartholomew, August 24, 1572, in which he personally made sure that Coligny should be slain; and subsequently he put himself at the head of the Catholic League. He had, however, a greater ambition, that of succeeding to the throne of France, for in respect of real power he was already the equal, or rather the superior, of the feeble King Henry III., whose commands he set at naught and whom he so deeply humiliated that the king procured his assassination at Blois, Dec. 23, 1588. HENRY II., fifth Duke of Guise, grandson of Henry I.; born in Blois, April 4, 1614. He was destined for the Church, and at the age of 15 became Archbishop of Rheims, but in 1640, on the death of his elder brother, he succeeded to the dukedom. Having joined the league against Richelieu, he was condemned by the parliament of Paris to capital punishment, but found refuge in Flanders. He put himself at the head of Masaniello's revolt in Naples as the representative of the Anjou family, but was taken prisoner by the Spanish forces in 1647, and carried to Madrid, where he After another remained five years. fruitless attempt to win Naples in 1654, he settled at Paris and lived the life of a courtier. He died in Paris, June 2, 1664.
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
gez, a ducal family of France. The country of Guise was made a duchy in 1528 by Francis I. The founder of the family left eleven children. Marie Guise married James V of Scotland and became the mother of Mary, Queen of Scots; Francois succeeded his father as Duke of Guise; Charles became cardinal of Lorraine; Louis, cardinal of Guise. All were noted for ability and intriguing. When the young and feeble Francis II ascended the throne and Mary, the young Scottish princess, became his wife, her powerful uncles, the Guises, through her governed the king and ruled France. Opposed to them were the Bourbon princes, the king of Navarre, the prince of Conde, and the Huguenot Admiral de Coligni. On the death of Francis II and the return of Mary to Scotland, the Guises were reluctant to surrender their power. This, rather than a religious motive, may be given as the historical cause of the massacre of St. Bartholomew. The family came to an end in 1675. The old castle of the dukes still stands in the town of Guise on the River Oise. See Mary ; Medici ; Coligni
Guise a town of the department of Aisne
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a town of the department of Aisne, France, on the Oise, 25 miles E. N. E. of St. Quentin. Within the town are the ruins of a castle, from which the famous Dukes of Guise derived their title. The iron works are conducted on a profit-sharing scheme; and the workmen are provided with plan. This dwellings on the associated ted "Familistère," of which the first portion was erected by the initiator of the experiment, M. Godin, in 1859-1860, cost about $400,000, and provides accommo- Within the dation for 2,000 persons. buildings are a café, theater, nursery, schools, covered playgrounds, co-operative store, and a library and reading The town was occupied by Gerroom. man forces in 1914 in their drive on Paris.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's noted in 1921 only that Guise held "the ruins of a castle" and iron works; the town had in fact been occupied by German forces from 1914 to 1918, and it was fought over again in 1940. The castle ruins Aiton's called "the old castle of the dukes" were not left to crumble: from the 1950s volunteers of the Club du Vieux Manoir began clearing and consolidating them, and the fortress is now a visitable monument. The iron works were those of Jean-Baptiste Godin, maker of cast-iron stoves, whose Familistère or "social palace" housed his workers from 1859; the cooperative that ran it was wound up in 1968 and the buildings are now a museum of that experiment in industrial utopianism. On the family, Aiton's flat statement that the Guises were the real cause of the St Bartholomew's Day massacre reads as too tidy today: historians now treat the killings as the product of court panic, urban Catholic militancy and Guise vengeance together.
Written for this edition, 2026.