Hague (ARNOLD an American geologist)

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

ARNOLD, an American geologist; born in Boston, Mass., Dec. 3, 1840; was graduated at the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale College in 1863 and then studied abroad. Returning to the United States he spent about 10 years in the West investigating the Comstock lode. In 1877 the government of Guatemala appointed him geologist, and he visited the centers of volcanic activity and the chief mining districts of that country. In the following year he was employed by the Chinese government to study the gold, lead and silver mines in northern China. In 1879, when the United States established the geological survey, he accepted a place in that bureau. His publications include "The Volcanoes of California, Oregon, and Washington Territories"; "The Volcanic Rocks of the Great Basin" (1884); "On the Development of Crystallization in the Igneous Rocks of Washoe" (1885); "Nevada, with Notes on the Geology of the District" (1885); "Atlas of the Yellowstone National Park" (1904), etc. THE HAGUE PEACE PALACE HA-HA an inlet of Saguenay river, in Chicoutimi co., Quebec, Canada, midway between Lake St. John and the St. Lawrence river; known also as Grande Bay. It is connected with Great and Little Ha-Ha Lakes by the Ha-Ha river; the bay is about 7 miles long, 1 mile wide, and 600 feet deep. HAHNEMANN, CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH SAMUEL (hä'ne-män), the founder of HOMEOPATHY (q. v.); born in Meissen, Saxony, April 10, 1755. He entered the University of Leipsic at the age of 20; from Leipsic he proceeded to Vienna for clinical study; he then passed two years as physician and librarian to a nobleman residing in Transylvania; after which he entered and, in 1779, graduated at the University of Erlangen. During the following 10 years he practiced medicine and held several public appointments in Dresden and elsewhere, and then settled in a small village near Leipsic. His observation and practice had convinced him, not only of the uselessness, but also of the injurious character of the prevailing methods of treatment. Six years of study and investigations proved to him that in all instances the medicine which had cured produced a very similar condition in healthy persons to that it had relieved. This conclusion he published in an essay in "Hufeland's Journal" in 1796. It is in this essay that the principle of similia similibus curantur (similar things are cured by similar things) is first put forward by him, not as a theory but as a fact. His views at once met with vehement opposition. Apothecaries refused to dispense his prescriptions, and he was forced to give his medicine to his patients free of charge. This was an infringement of the privileges which German law had conferred on the apothecaries, and hence he was prosecuted in every town in which he attempted to settle from 1798 till 1810, when he returned to Leipsic. Two years afterward he was appointed a privat-docent of the university. At Leipsic he remained till 1821, when a successful prosecution by the apothecaries drove him from the city. Under the protection of the Duke of Anhalt-Köthen he retired to Köthen, where he became a center of attraction to numerous invalids in all parts of the world. He became known as one of the earliest advocates of hygiene. His book entitled "The Friend of Health" (1792) proves him to have been far in advance of his time in preventive medicine. Equally so was he in the treatment of the insane. He was also the author of several valuable papers on chemistry. He died in Paris, July 2, 1843. A statue of him was erected in Leipsic in 1851.