Hannibal
Hannibal names 4 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Hannibal the great Carthaginian general
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
the great Carthaginian general; born in 247 b. c. He was the son of Hamilcar Barca and when nine years of age swore, by his father's command, eternal enmity to the Romans, as the condition of accompanying him to Spain. He learned the art of war under his father there, and was present at the battle in which he fell. Hannibal was then 18, and after serving six years under Hasdrubal, who was assassinated 221 b. c., he became commander-in-chief of the Carthaginian army. To complete the conquest of all Spain S. of the Ebro, he besieged the city of Saguntum, which held out for eight months. The city being in alliance with Rome, its fall was the occasion of the great war between Rome and Carthage known as the Second Punic War. Hannibal at once prepared for the invasion of Italy, and in the spring of 218 B. C. he set out on his arduous march from the Ebro, through hostile countries, across great chains, to the rivers and mountain His army, composed of Africans and Spaniards, was greatly reduced in numbers by losses and withdrawals, but he crossed the Pyrenees, forced the passage of the Rhône before Scipio arrived to oppose it, and in October made the passage of the Alps in 15 days. The first engagement took place near the Ticinus, and resulted in the defeat of the Romans. The battle of the Trebia resulted in another Roman defeat. Hannibal was joined by the Gaulish tribes, and took up his winter quarters among them. In the spring of 217 he defeated the consul Flaminius on the shores of Lake Thrasimenus, and destroyed the Roman army. Hannibal advanced S. and passed the Apennines into Apulia, harassed, however, by the new policy of the cautious Fabius, who avoided fighting. In the spring of 216 Hannibal won the great victory of Cannæ, and again destroyed the Roman army. After this victory almost all south Italy declared for him, and he went into winter quarters at Capua. From that time the war changed its character, and it is not possible here summary of its progress. to give even a The conquest and loss of Tarentum, the loss of Capua, the defeat and death of Hasdrubal at the battle of the Metaurus in 207, still left Hannibal strong enough to hold his ground in the S. extremity of Italy for four years longer; 203 the scene of war was changed to Africa, and in the following year Scipio finally defeated Hannibal at the battle of Zama Zama, and peace was concluded. The great Carthaginian did not lose hope, but began preparations for a fresh war. His enemies, however, accused him at Rome, and he fled to the court of Antiochus, King of Syria, who was just entering on a war with the Romans. After three years, the war ending with the defeat of Antiochus, Hannibal, to avoid being given up to Rome, took refuge with Prusias, King of Bithnyia, 190 B. C. And finally, when his surrender was demanded in 183, he put an end to his life by poison.
Hannibal A celebrated Carthaginian general
1000 Classical Characters (1900)
A celebrated Carthaginian general, son of Hamilcar. While a child he took a solemn oath never to be at peace with Rome. His passage of the Alps with an immense army was one of the greatest feats of antiquity. He defeated the Romans in the great battle of Cannae, but was subsequently conquered by Scipio at Zama . He died by poison taken from a ring in which he kept it concealed. This occurred in his seventieth year, about B. C. 182. Harpylae (The Harpies). Winged monsters who had the face of a woman, the body of a vulture, and feet and fingers armed with claws. They were three in number-Aello, Ocypete, and Celeno. They were daughters of Neptune and Terra.
Hannibal a city in Marion co.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city in Marion co., the Mississippi river, here Mo., on iron railroad spanned by an iron railroad bridge, and on the Burlington, the Missouri, Kansas and Texas, and the St. Louis and Hannibal railroads; 110 miles N. W. of St. Louis. It has steamship communications with all important river ports, and manufactures lime, lumber, machinery, flour, planing mill products, foundry products and supplies, etc. public library, public high school, the St. Mary's Academy, Riverview Park School, electric lights, and street railways, and daily and weekly newspapers. Pop. (1910) 18,341; (1920) 19,306.
Hannibal He was engaged in Sicily during the first Punic war
1000 Classical Characters (1900)
He was engaged in Sicily during the first Punic war. He used to say of his three sons that he kept three lions to devour the Roman power.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
The narrative Collier's gave in 1921 — the boyhood oath, Saguntum, the Alps, Trasimene, Cannae, Zama, and the poison at Prusias's court — still stands, because it rests on Polybius and Livy and no new ancient source has appeared. What has moved is the Alpine route: the two ancient accounts disagree, and the search for the exact pass has been pursued so obsessively that French scholars named the futility after him, though a 2016 study argued for the Col de la Traversette on the evidence of churned soil and horse-dung bacteria in a bog. The other Hannibal, the Missouri river town Collier's recorded at 19,306 people in 1920, has slightly shrunk rather than grown, to roughly 17,500, and now lives less on lime and lumber than on being Mark Twain's boyhood home.
Written for this edition, 2026.