Henrietta
2 of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf carry an entry for Henrietta. Both are reproduced below, so you can see where they agree and where they differ.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
MARIA, queen of Charles I. of England; youngest child of Henry IV., of France, by his second wife, Maria de' Medici; born in Paris in 1609. The proposed marriage between Charles, Prince of Wales, and the Infanta of Spain having failed, a matriwith Henmonial negotiation was opened rietta, whom he had first met at a ball in Paris while on his way to Spain. The marriage was celebrated by proxy at Paris in 1625, but her first popularity in England was soon destroyed by her bigotry, hauteur and despotic ideas as to divine right. Much of the subsequent procedure which brought Charles to the block may be traced indirectly to her influence. On the breaking out of civil war she proceeded to Holland, procured money and troops, and afterward joined Charles at Oxford. She again went to the Continent in 1644, and resided in France till the Restoration. On that occasion she visited England, but soon returned to France, and died near Paris in 1669.
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
a kind of fine-twilled worsted dress goods, dyed, usually in plain colors. The original fabric closely resembles cashmere in weave, but was composed of a spun silk warp and worsted filling. At present this is called silk-warp henrietta, while a variety in which both warp and woof are of worsted is called all-wool henrietta. In weaving all-wool henrietta, nearly twice as many weft or filling threads are used to the inch as warp threads. These wefts are more loosely twisted than the warps. Consequently the filling almost entirely conceals the warp. This gives the fabric its smooth, "full-face" appearance.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
The dates and events in Collier's 1921 sketch of Henrietta Maria still hold: born in Paris in 1609, married by proxy to Charles I in 1625, fundraising in Holland, exile in France, death near Paris in 1669. What has shifted is the verdict. Where Collier's blamed her "bigotry, hauteur and despotic ideas as to divine right" for much of what "brought Charles to the block," historians since the 1980s have read her instead as an active political agent, a Catholic patron of court masques and painting, and the namesake of Maryland. Aiton's fabric entry is now largely historical: silk-warp and all-wool henrietta were staples of late-Victorian mourning and day dress, but the cloth has almost vanished from commercial weaving and survives mainly as a term in costume history.
Written for this edition, 2026.