Holland
Holland names 12 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below. 1 of them is described by more than one encyclopedia.
Holland For early matter see Teutons )
An Encyclopaedia of Occultism (1920)
For early matter see Teutons ). Spiritualism . Since the introduction of spiritualism into Holland, in 1857-8, no small part of its history has been Holland enacted in that country, notwithstanding that the phlegmatic and by no means impressionable temperament of the Dutchman would seem to make but an indifferent medium of him. The first Dutch spiritualist of whom we have record is one J. N. T. Marthese, who, after studying psychic phenomena in foreign countries, finally returned to his native Holland, bringing with him the American medium Home. The latter held séances at the Hague, before several learned societies, and by command of Queen Sophia, a séance was given in her presence. The medium himself, in an account of the performance, tells us that the royal lady was obliged to sit out seven séances, on consecutive evenings, before any results were obtained. These results, however, were apparently satisfactory, for the Queen was thereafter a staunch supporter of the movement. During Home's visit, spiritualism gained a considerable hold on the people of Holland, and the practice of giving small private séances became fairly wide-spread. Spirit voices were heard at these gatherings, the touch of spirit hands was felt, and musical instruments were played upon by invisible performers. Particularly were these séances appreciated which were held at the house of Mr. T. D. Van Herwerden, in the Hague, and which were attended by many enthusiastic students of spiritualistic phenomena. His medium was, as a rule, a Japanese boy of his household, about fourteen years old, and very ignorant. The manifestations ranged from spirit rapping and table turning in the earlier séances to form materialisation in those of a later date. One of the principal spirits purported to be a monk, Paurellus, who had been assassinated some three hundred years previously in that city. Afterwards Mr. Van Herwerden was induced by his friends to publish his diary, under the title of Experiences and Communications on a still Mysterious Territory. For a time, as has been said, spiritualistic séances were only conducted in family circles, and were of a quite private nature. But as the attention of the intellectuals became more and more directed to the new science, societies were formed to promote research, and to throw light upon that which was obscure and perplexing. The first of these was the society called the "Oromase," or Ormuzd, which was founded by Major J. Revius, a friend of Marthese, in 1859, and which included among its numbers many people of high repute. They met at the Hague, and the records of their transactions were carefully preserved. Major Revius was president and continued to act in that capacity till 1871, the year of his death. The society's secretary, A. J. Rita , was also a prominent worker in "the cause." The "Oromase library contained a fine collection of works on spiritualism, mesmerism, and kindred subjects, and included American, French, German and English books. Another society, the "Veritas," was founded in Amsterdam in 1869. The studies of this latter association were conducted in a somewhat less searching and scientific spirit than those of the "Oromase." Its mediums specialized in trance utterances and written communications from the spirits, and its members inclined to a belief in re-incarnation, which was at variance with the opinions of the older society. Rotterdam had, for a time, a society with similar objects known as the "Research after Truth," but it soon came to an end, though its members continued to devote themselves privately to the investigation of spirit phenomena. Other equally short-lived societies were formed in Haarlem and other towns. In all of these, however, there was a dearth of mediums able to produce form materializations, and to supply the want a number of foreign mediums hastened to Holland. Hitherto the comparatively private nature of the séances, and the high standing of those who took part in them, had prevented the periodicals from making any but the most cautious comments on the séances. But the دو advent of professional mediums on the scene swept away the barrier and let loose a flood of journalistic ridicule and criticism. This in turn provoked the supporters of spiritualism to retort, and soon a lively battle was in progress between the spiritualists and the sceptics. The consequence was, that "the cause" was boomed as much by the articles which derided it as by those which were in favour of it. Such mediums as Mrs. Margaret Fox Kane, the Davenport brothers, Rita, Home, Miss Cook, and Henry Slade, came over to Holland. Writers arose who were prepared to devote their abilities to the defence of spiritualism. Such an one was Madame Elise van Calcar, who not only wrote a novel expounding spiritualistic principles, but also conducted a monthly journal "On the Boundaries of Two Worlds," and held a sort of spiritualistic salon, where enthusiasts could meet and discuss their favourite subject. Dr. H. de Grood, Dr. J. Van Velzen, Dr. Van der Loef, Herr Schimmel, are among the other prominent Dutch authors who wielded their pens in defence of the same opinions. The writings of Professors Varley, Crookes, and Wallace were translated into the Dutch language, and lecturers helped to spread the belief in communication with the Other World. A mesmerist, Signor Donata, carried on the practice of "Animal Magnetism in Holland, and endeavoured to identify the magnetic force emanating from the operator with the substance of which disembodied spirits are composed. Many exposures were made of unscrupulous mediums, and these, naturally, cast discredit upon the entire movement. But on the whole the mediums, professional or otherwise, were well received. Such phases of psychic phenomena as haunted houses and poltergeists are also very common, but are so similar to these manifestations in other countries that they require no separate treatment. 66 دو
Holland JOHN P., an Irish-American submarine inventor
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
JOHN P., an Irish-American submarine inventor. He was born at Liseannor, Ireland, and received his preliminary education at the Limerick Christian Brothers' School. After private study he became a school teacher, about remaining in that occupation for in it ten years in Ireland and continuing in New Jersey, after he came to Ameran engineering turn of ica. He had mind, and the threatening possibilities and of a war between the United States Great Britain suggested to him the idea of an undersea boat that might aid in destroying the British navy. His incesresant experiments in this direction sulted in plans for a submarine torpedo boat, which he laid before the U. S. government in 1875. His first vessel was of wood, and was only a partial success, but his boat, the "Holland," built at Elizabeth, N. J., proved successful and in 1898 was purchased by the government. Before he died his idea was developed, but little lucrative advantage died came to him on that account. He in 1914 at a time when his invention was about to win signal results in the European war.
Holland WILLIAM J(ACOB)
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
WILLIAM J(ACOB), an American zoologist born in Jamaica, West Indies, in 1848. He graduated from the Moravian College and Theological Seminary at Bethlehem, Pa., in in 1869. 1867, and from Amherst College He studied also at Princeton Theological Seminary. After serving as principal in schools in Massachusetts several high he became a Moravian minister and was . pastor in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh From 1891 to 1901 he was chancellor of the Western University of Pennsylvania (now the University of Pittsburgh). In 1898 he became director of the Carserved negie Institute at Pittsburgh. He as naturalist in several expeditions. He was a member of many scientific societies both in the United States and in foreign countries. His published readings include "The Butterfly Book" (1898); "To the River Platte and Back" (1913); "The Butterfly Guide" (1915). He also published many scientific papers. He was the editor of "Annals" and "Memoirs" of the Carnegie Museum.
Holland or Hollands, plain-woven linen cloth
Described by 2 of the 6 encyclopedias.
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
or Hollands, plain-woven linen cloth. Holland was at one time especially noted for its linens. Moreover, linen cloth from all over Europe was sent to Holland to be bleached. In this way, the custom arose of calling linen, especially of a fine quality, Holland linen or Hollands. At present the name usually designates unbleached or partly bleached linen. It is sometimes called brown linen. Window holland, or holland shade cloth, is a fabric used exclusively for window shades.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a fine and close kind of linen, so called from its first being manufactured in Holland; also a coarser linen fabric, unbleached or dyed brown, used for covering furniture, carpets, etc., or for making window-blinds or the like.
Holland JOSIAH GILBERT, an American author
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
JOSIAH GILBERT, an American author; born in Belchertown, Mass., July 24, 1819. He was graduated at the Berkshire Medical College, at Pittsfield, in 1844. He soon abandoned his profession, however, and became assistant editor of the Springfield "Republican." In 1870 Mr. Holland removed to New York, where he founded "Scribner's Monthly," which he conducted successfully till his death, Oct. 12, 1881. In this magazine appeared his novels, "Arthur Bonnicastle" (1873); "The Story of Sevenoaks" (1875); and "Nicholas Minturn" (1876). His "Timothy Titcircomb's Letters" (1858) had a large culation only exceeded by his "Life of Lincoln." His most popular poems are "Bitter Sweet" (1858); "Kathrina" (1867); and "The Mistress of the Manse" (1874).
Holland HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, LORD
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, LORD, an English publicist; born in 1773. He succeeded to the peerage by the death of his father when less than one year old. In 1798 he took his place in the House of Lords, and as the nephew of Charles James Fox, was at once acknowledged comas a Whig leader. In 1806 he was missioner for settling disputes with the United States; lord privy seal in 1806- 1807; and chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster. He made Holland House the resort of the wit, talent, and beauty of his day. He died in 1840.
Holland THOMAS ERSKINE, an English jurist
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
THOMAS ERSKINE, an English jurist; born in Brighton, July 17, 1835. He was educated at Oxford; was called to the bar in 1863; and in 1874 was elected Chicele Professor of International Law. His monumental " work is "The Elements of Jurisprudence (1880). Among his other publications "An Essay on the most notable are: Composition Deeds" (1864); ; "The Institutes of Justinian" (1873); "The Euro- Eastern Question" pean Concert in the (1885); "A Manual of Naval Prize in Interna- Law" (1888); and "Studies tional Law" (1898).
Holland a city in Ottawa co.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city in Ottawa co., Mich., at the mouth of the Black river, on Lake Michigan, and on the Père Marquette railroad, 25 miles S. W. of Grand Rapids. It is the seat of Hope College and the Western Theological Seminary, both institutions of the American Reformed Church, and has steamship connections with Chicago and other lake ports. It has manufactures of furniture, leather, pianos, laundry baskets, etc., daily and weekly newspapers, electric lights and State banks. Pop. (1910) 10,490; (1920) 12,183.
Holland SIR HENRY, an English physician
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
SIR HENRY, an English physician; born in Knutsford, Cheshire, in Oct. 27, 1788. He wrote "Travels Albania," "Thessaly"; settled in London in 1816, and soon became a leader was in his profession. In 1828 he elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians; in 1840 he was appointed physician-in-ordinary to the prince conordinary sort, and in 1852 physician-in- Notes and to the queen. His "Medical Reflections" was published in 1839. He died in London, Oct. 27, 1873.
Holland or PARTS OF HOL- LAND
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
or PARTS OF HOL- LAND, a district of England, one of the three portions into which the county of E. Lincoln is divided. It occupies the S. part of the county round the Wash, and consists almost entirely of low, marsh, and fen land.
Holland NEW, the name formerly merry Ausgiven to the island
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
NEW, the name formerly merry Ausgiven to the island or continent of tralia.
Holland . See Netherlands
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
. See Netherlands
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Of the dozen Hollands gathered here, the name itself has had the biggest reversal: when these volumes were written it was normal to call the whole Netherlands "Holland", as the 1920 occultism entry does throughout, but Holland is properly only two of the twelve provinces, and in January 2020 the Dutch government formally dropped Holland from its official branding in favour of the Netherlands. The spiritualist Holland described at length in 1920 is gone: the seance circles of the Hague and the societies Oromase (1859) and Veritas (1869), with their rapping tables and materialising monks, have no successors, and the mediums it names as credentials, including the Davenport brothers, Henry Slade and Margaret Fox Kane, are now remembered mainly through their exposures as conjurers. The 1920 writer's confidence that spiritualism was a "new science" attracting "the intellectuals" reads as the clearest period marker on the page. Where the other entries cover people and places sharing the surname or placename, most have settled into quiet historical standing rather than being overturned.
Written for this edition, 2026.