Horn
Horn names 5 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Horn a modification of the skin
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
a modification of the skin, forming the nails, claws, hoofs, horns, scales, and beak covering of animals. Roughly speaking, horn is composed essentially of hair and glue. Assuming the hair to be the fundamental form of the appendage or modification, a nail would be regarded as a curtain or fringe of hair, the separate hairs of which lie parallel and are consolidated into one piece of thin, shell-like horn. When these consolidated hairs increase in length, that is to say, grow longer, we say the nail needs trimming. The hoofs of animals are to be regarded in the same light as the nails of a person's toes and feet. In other words, these horny defenses are to be regarded as flattened, consolidated, that is to say, glued, hardened locks of hair. Likewise, the claws of a cat or dog or of a fowl are to be considered as tufts of hair which have become glued together and hardened into conical or variously shaped and curved pieces of horn. They are not bone; they have no more connection with the skeleton of an animal than the hair on one's head has. The hard, bony covering of a bird's bill is likewise to be looked upon as a tress of hair, or feather, the individual hairs of which in a glutinous mass have cohered and consolidated to form a thin, protective shell of horn, which gives the bill its stiffness and protects the tender portions within. The scales of the tortoise are said to be somewhat similar in origin. If what has been said of other horny coverings be true, it requires no great stretch of the imagination to believe that the scales of a fish are flattened, hardened, tufts of hair. The horns of the ox, buffalo, bison, goat, and antelope are known as true horns, and are to be distinguished from antlers. The antlers of the deer, moose, reindeer and other animals of the deer family are not of horn but bone. They are true extensions of the bone of the forehead. A pair of soft processes or growths spring from the forehead and grow very rapidly into the shape of the future antler. At first they are exceedingly soft, and are charged with blood and covered with a soft fuzz called velvet. In a short time the living material supplied by the blood hardens into bone, when the velvet rubs off and the antlers are perfect. Antlers of this sort are shed each year, when a new and larger bony growth takes their place. Antlers are solid. True horns, like those of the ox and sheep, are hollow and permanent. Their base surrounds a living, pointed core that supplies materials for growth. The hollow horn can be regarded as a circle of hair which surrounds the core and has become consolidated into a continuous cylindrical horn. Viewed in this light, a curling ram's horn is merely a curling lock or tuft of hair growing out in front of the ear. Viewed as tufts of hair growing out stiff and straight, or waving in graceful curves or spirals, the horns of an animal have a peculiar tress-like appearance. The transition from a mass of cohesive hair into a hardened horn may be seen actually taking place on the head of the prong horn, a deer-like animal of the West, commonly, but, as we may see, wrongly, called an antelope. See Hair; Feathers ; Deer ; Antelope
Horn HOORNE, or HORNES
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
HOORNE, or HORNES, PHILIP, COUNT VAN, a Flemish soldier and statesman; born in 1518; was the son of Joseph de Montmorency-Nivelle, and of Anne of Egmont, and stepson of John, Count van Horn, who constituted him and his brother his heirs on the condition of assuming his name. Philip gradually rose to be governor of Gueldres and Zütphen , admiral of the fleet, and councillor of state. He fought at St. Quentin in 1557, and at Gravelines in 1558, and 1559 accompanied Philip to Spain. On his return he joined the Prince of Orange and Egmont in resistance to Philip. On the arrival of Alva at Brussels he was arrested , in September, 1567, on a charge of high treason, and he and Egmont were beheaded in June, 1568. an
Horn CAPE, commonly spoken of as zon
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
CAPE, commonly spoken of as zon, is different from this. The spectathe extreme S. point of America, is a tor's eye is supposed to be, not at the steep, black, bare mountain headland of surface, but at the center of the earth, one of the small islands of the Fuegian with the planet transparent enough not to impede vision. In geology the term Archipelago. It was named Hoorn, anglicized Horn, "the Horn," when rounded in 1616 by the Dutch navigators, Lemaire and Schouten . It was sighted by Drake in 1578.
Horn a substance which may be dinearly finished he sent
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a substance which may be dinearly finished he sent back his two vided into two distinct classes. First, companions, and as the bridge fell he the branched, bony horns of the stag plunged into the Tiber in full armor and genus, and the simple, laminated horns safely reached the opposite bank. of the ox genus, and other kindred genera. The first of these kinds of horn is
Horn CAPE grief so enraged Horatius that he is used
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
CAPE grief so enraged Horatius that he is used with regard to the apparent age stabbed her. For this he was conof strata. Strata which appear, broadly demned to death, but his father and the speaking, contemporaneous or homotaxial people obtained his pardon. are said to be on the same horizon.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Aiton's 1910 explanation that horn is "essentially hair and glue," with claws, hoofs and even fish scales as tufts of hair "cohered and consolidated," has been replaced by protein chemistry: horn, hair, nails, claws, hoof and tortoise scutes are all built from keratin, but they are separately grown epidermal structures, not glued-together hairs. The guess about fish went furthest wrong — the scales of most fishes are dermal bone and dentine-like tissue, formed in the deeper skin and unrelated to hair. The account is right that antlers are true bone shed and regrown each year while ox and sheep horns are permanent keratin sheaths over a bony core; it is wrong about the pronghorn, whose horn sheath is in fact shed and replaced annually, a habit unique among living mammals. On Cape Horn, Collier's 1921 note that it is "the extreme S. point of America" is now stated more carefully: the Horn stands on Hornos Island, and the southernmost land of the archipelago lies further on in the Diego Ramírez group, while the Panama Canal, opened in 1914, had already begun emptying the route of the commercial sailing ships that once rounded it.
Written for this edition, 2026.