Jackson
Jackson names 11 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Jackson THOMAS JONATHAN, an American military officer
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
THOMAS JONATHAN, an American military officer; born in Clarksburg, Va., Jan. 21, 1824; was grad. uated at the United States Military Academy in 1846; served through the "STONEWALL" JACKSON Mexican War, winning promotions more rapidly than any other officer of his grade during that war. When the Civil War began, he was commissioned colonel in the Virginia forces; was placed in command of the Virginia brigade; met the advance of General Patterson at Falling Waters on July 2, 1861, gave the National force a decided check, and captured a number of prisoners. Soon after he was commissioned Brigadier-General. In the first battle of Bull Run he won his new name "Stonewall" when Gen. Bernard E. Bee, in the crisis of the fight, shouted: "See, there is Jackson standing like a stonewall; rally on the Virginians!" He was promoted Major-General and placed in command of the district that included the Shenandoah valley and the section of Virginia N. W. of it. During the winter he drove the National forces out of his district. In March, 1862, he fell back before Banks' army of 35,000 men, and Banks reported him "in full retreat from the valley" and started a column to cross the mountains and attack Johnston in flank, as he was falling back from Manassas, when Jackson suddenly turned, marched 18 miles in the morning, and with 2,700 men fought at Kernstown, near Winchester, 8,000 of the National troops, and though defeated, accomplished his purpose in recalling the column which was moving on Johnston's flank, quietly moved up the valley and took a strong position in Swift Run Gap. Then followed in rapid succession the uniting of Ewell's division with his at Luray, the driving in of Banks' flank at Front Royal, the cutting of his retreating column at Middletown, and on May 25, the rout of Banks' army from the heights of Winchester. He was about to cross the Potomac into Maryland in pursuit of Banks, when he learned that Fremont from the W., and Shields, the head of McDowell's column, from the E., were marching to form a junction in his rear at Strasburg. He at once put his army in motion, and by forced marches reached the point of danger in time to hold Fremont in check with one hand and Shields with the other till his whole army, prisoners, and immense wagon trains loaded with captured stores passed on in safety. He then moved leisurely up the valley, burning the bridges over the Shenandoah to prevent a junction between Fremont and Shields. He next hastened to Richmond, where he united with General Lee in attacking McClellan. His skill in the Seven Days' battles, his defeat of Pope's advance under Banks at Cedar Run, his flank march to Pope's rear, and the pertinacity with which he held him at bay along the Warrenton road till Lee could come up with Longstreet and drive him into the fortifications around Washr's Ferry ington, his capture of Harper's with 11,000 prisoners, 13,000 stand of small arms, 73 pieces of artillery, and large quantities of provisions and stores of every description, and his conduct on the field of Sharpsburg, all added greatly to his fame. He was promoted Lieutenant-General in October, 1862; and held the extreme right of Lee's army at Fredericksburg, where he repelled the attack of Franklin. Toward the end of April, 1863, he was sent with 22,000 men to make a march to This was bril- Hooker's flank and rear. liantly executed and Jackson routed that flank of Hooker's army, and was proceeding to cut him off from his line of retreat and take a position where Hooker would have been compelled to attack him in position, when in returning from one of those bold reconnaissances which he so frequently made, his party was mistaken for the enemy and fired on by his own men and he was very severely wounded. His left arm was amputated, his other wounds, dressed, and he was improving hopefully, when pneumonia suddenly developed and caused his death in Guinea Station, Va., May 10, 1863.
Jackson ANDREW, an American statesman and soldier
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
ANDREW, an American statesman and soldier; 7th President of the United States; born in the Waxhaw Settlement, N. C., March 15, 1767. His father died before his birth. His education was very limited, and he was not given to study. After serving a short apprenticeship with a saddler, at the age of 18 he entered a law office in Salisbury to prepare for the law. His practice was large and prosperous. In 1791 he married Mrs. Rachel Robards. Tennessee was admitted to the Union in 1796, and Jackson was sent as its Representative to Congress. He was elected to the Senate in 1797, but resigned his seat in 1798 to become judge of the Tennessee Supreme Court, where he served six years. When the War of 1812 broke out, he offered his services to Madison, then President, with 2,500 volunteers of Tennessee militia, of which he was commander-in-chief. In Jackson was made a major-general, and put in command of the Department of He asked permission to drive the South. the British out of Florida, where, by Spanish permission, they had established a base of operations. Failing to receive ANDREW JACKSON answer because of the capture of an Washington by the British, Jackson proceeded on his own responsibility. He repulsed the enemy at Mobile, took Pensacola by storm, and then marched to New Orleans, where he fortified the city. A force of 12,000 of Wellington's veterans, relieved by the victory of Waterloo for American service, landed below the city. Jackson had 6,000 men to meet them, but they were well protected by breastworks. tks The British general, Packenham, resolved : to take the defenses by storm. Jackson's ackson's victory was complete. The British were repulsed in half an hour, with a loss of 2,600 men, Packenham himself being This great and deamong the slain. cisive victory, achieved with but the loss of eight men, coming in the wake of several reverses to the American cause, made Jackson the hero of the nation. When, in 1819, the United States pur- Vol. V-Cyc-O chased Florida, Jackson was appointed governor. In 1823 he was elected to the United States Senate. In 1824 he was nominated by the Federalist and by the Republican conventions for the presidency. The election went to the House of Representatives, which chose John Quincy Adams. But in 1828 Jackson was again nominated, beating Adams by a large electoral and popular majority. His administration was memorable and stormy. He introduced the theory that "to the victors belong the spoils," and made wholesale removals of Federal officials to make his appointees. room for own South Carolina, under the lead of John Calhoun, Vice-President, at- C. the tempted to nullify the tariff law, calling a convention Nov. 19, 1833, which declared the law unconstitutional. Jackson sent a naval force under Farragut to Charleston harbor. He attacked the United States Bank, opposing the renewal of its charter, which would expire He vetoed the bill renewing in 1836. He was re-elected in 1832 the charter. by largely increased majorities. He succeeded in securing the removal of the public funds from the United States bank to various State banks. nks. After his second term of office as President, Jackson lived mostly in retirement at "The Hermitage" near Nashville, where he died June 8, 1845.
Jackson ADMIRAL SIR HENRY British naval BRADWARDINE
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
ADMIRAL SIR HENRY British naval BRADWARDINE, a officer; born in Barnsley, 1855. He entered the British Navy in 1868, and by 1896 had risen to the rank of captain. From 1897 to 1899, he acted as naval attaché in various European capitals. In 1905 he was appointed Controller of the Navy, which office he held for three years. From 1908 to 1910 he was commander of the Sixth Cruiser Squadron in the Mediterranean, after which he was commander of the Royal Navy War College until 1913. From 1912 to 1914 he was Chief of the War Staff. After the outbreak of the European War he was, during 1915-1916, First Sea Lord of the Admiralty, and as such had considerable influence in the preparation of Great Britain's plans for operations against the German fleets. From 1916 till 1919 he was President of the Royal Navy College at Greenwich, after which he was appointed active fleet admiral of the British Navy. Admiral Jackson is known as one of the most progressive of the chief British naval commanders; he was the first to make use of the Hertzian waves for wireless telegraphy in the Royal Navy.
Jackson SHELDON, an American educator
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
SHELDON, an American educator; born in Minaville, N. Y., May 18, 1834; was graduated at Union College in 1855, and at Princeton Theological Seminary in 1858; ordained in the Presbyterian Church; was missionary to Western Wisconsin and Southern Minnesota in 1859-1869; Superintendent of Missions in Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Montana in 1870-1882; appointed to Alaska in 1877. He was made United States general agent for Alaska in 1885; introduced reindeer into that territory in 1891; special United States agent to influence Laplanders to colonize in Alaska in 1898 He is the author of "Alaska and Missions on the North Pacific Coast" (1880); "Education in Alaska" (1881); annual reports on "Education in Alaska" from 1886; and annual reports on the "Introduction of Domestic Reindeer into Alaska" (1891–1901); etc. He was moderator of the Presbyterion General Assembly. In 1896 he gave $50,000 to the
Jackson CHARLES THOMAS, an American scientist
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
CHARLES THOMAS, an American scientist; born in Plymouth, Mass., June 21, 1805; was graduated at Harvard Medical College in 1829, and practiced in Boston; became State geologist for Massachusetts and Maine in 1836, and land-surveyor and State geologist for Rhode Island in 1839; appointed to survey the Lake Superior copper-mining district in 1847. He claimed to have been the first to point out, in 1832, the applicability of electricity to telegraphic use, and also claimed to be the discoverer of the anesthetic effects of the inhalation of ether in 1842; received the Montyon size of 2,500 francs from the French prize Academy of Sciences in 1852. He published a "Manual of Etherization, with a History of its Discovery" (1861); "Report on the Mineral Lands of the United States in Michigan" (1849); etc. He died in Somerville, Mass., Aug. 28, 1880. See ANÆSTHESIA.
Jackson FREDERICK GEORGE, a British explorer
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
FREDERICK GEORGE, a British explorer; born in 1860. He was educated at the University of Edinburgh. In 1886 he made a whaling voyage in the Arctic seas. This was followed in 1893 by a journey of 3,000 miles to unexplored parts of Siberia. In 1894 he explored Franz Josef Land and made an attempt to explore the North Pole. During this journey he met Nansen, who was at that time returning from his attempt to reach the Pole. He made important researches in Franz Josef Land from 1894 to 1897. For his accomplishments here, he was awarded a gold medal by the Geographical Society of Paris. He took part in the Boer War, reaching the rank of major. He wrote many books on the Arctic, including: "The Great Frozen Land" (1895); "A Thousand Days in the Arctic" (1899).
Jackson a city, capital of the State of Mississippi
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city, capital of the State of Mississippi, and county-seat of Hinds co.; on the Pearl river and several important railroads; 40 miles E. of Vicksburg. It contains the State Lunatic Asylum, State Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, State Law Library, State prison, Millsaps College for Men, a National bank. It is the farming and cotton raising trade center for four counties, and besides a variety of industries connected with cotton, it has iron foundries, brick and lumber yards, railroad repair shop, fertilizing factories, and agricultural implement factories. Jackson is lighted by electricity, and has an extensive trade, especially in cotton, through the port of New Orleans. Pop. (1910) 21,262; (1920) 22,817.
Jackson a city and county-seat of Madison co.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city and county-seat of Madison co., Tenn.; on the Forked Deer river, and the Illinois Central, and several other railroads; 150 miles S. W. of Nashville. It is the farming trade center for a region having a population of 175,000 and is an important cotton market; and has manufactories of engines and boilers, bicycles, cottonseed oil, lumber, machinery, and woolen mills. Jackson is the seat of the Southwestern Baptist University, the Memphis Conference Female Institute, and Lane College. There are National banks, daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals, a waterworks plant, owned by the city and valued at $400,000. Pop. (1910) 15,779; (1920) 18,860.
Jackson a city and county-seat of Jackson co.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city and county-seat of Jackson co., Mich.; on the Grand river, and several lines of railroads; 76 miles W. of Detroit. It is the trade center and distributing point for coal, oil, and farming implements for South Central Michigan; and has manufactories of machinery, corsets, chemicals, oil stoves, glass, paper and refrigerators. The city contains the State prison; derives large power for manufacturing from the river; has the Holly system of waterworks, electric light and street railway plants, a National and other banks, daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals. Pop. (1910) 31,433; (1920) 48,374.
Jackson HELEN MARIA FISKE HUNT, an American author
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
HELEN MARIA FISKE HUNT, an American author; born in Amherst, Mass., Oct. 18, 1831; received an academic education; she became interested in improving the conditions of the Indians and was appointed a special University of Utah. He died in 1909. commissioner to investigate the condition of the Mission Indians of California. She was the author of "Bits of Travel" (1872); "A Century of Dishonor" (1881); "The Hunter Cats of Connorola" (1884); "Famona" (1884); "Zeph" (1886); etc. She died in San Francisco, Cal., Aug. 12, 1885.
Jackson a city of Ohio
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city of Ohio, the county seat of Jackson co. It is on the Hocking Valley, the Baltimore and Ohio, Southwestern, and the Detroit, Toledo and Ironton railroads. It has important coal and iron mines, foundries, a shoe factory, railroad shops, and other industries. Pop. (1910) 6,468; (1920) 5,842.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's gave its 1921 space to the two soldiers, and both have been reassessed since. Stonewall Jackson, killed at Guinea Station in May 1863, is still studied as a tactician, but the commemorative culture that surrounded him in 1921 has largely been dismantled: his statue on Monument Avenue in Richmond came down in 2020, and Virginia ended its Lee-Jackson state holiday the same year. Andrew Jackson's entry here runs from the Waxhaws to the breastworks at New Orleans without a word about the Indian Removal Act of 1830 or the forced removals that followed, which now dominate assessments of his presidency; he has been on the twenty-dollar bill since 1928, and a 2016 Treasury plan to move him to the reverse in favour of Harriet Tubman has yet to be carried out. Of the eleven Jacksons the page gathers, the two generals-turned-icons still carry it, while the lesser namesakes have faded to local record.
Written for this edition, 2026.