Jacques Cesaire

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

a French marshal. He was born ot Rivesaltes, Pyrenees, in 1852, and was educated at the College MARSHAL JOFFRE of Perpignan, and the Ecole Polytechnic. In 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War he entered the army as 2nd lieutenant, becoming lieutenant in 1872, captain in 1876, and major in 1889. In 2nd Hen 1872. ca 1889. 1 d to the military colintervals he returned to the military coleering and strategy, lege to study engineering and strategy, ed in organizing the and in 1874 assisted in organizing the rlier. He also took defenses of Pontarlier. He also took colonial wars and part in the French colonial wars and of the forces under commanded part of the forces under g, and in 1891 helped Courbet in Tongking, and in 1891 helped authority among the to establish French authority among the revolting Dahomans. In 1894 he was -colonel and in 1897 promoted lieutenant-colonel, and in 1897 active in Africa as colonel, having been active in Africa as ar. He was made well as Madagascar. He was made d general of division brigadier in 1901 and general of division e was made chief of in 1905. In 1911 he was made chief of And was at the head the general staff, and was at the head my when the World of the French army when the World 914. When the Ger- War broke out in 1914. When the Gerrance took place in man drive into France took place in ber of 1914, he kept August and September of 1914, he kept reserve and fell back the French forces in reserve and fell back the Marne, avoiding toward Paris and the Marne, avoiding atil the French army a decisive battle until the French army ted upon an advancould be concentrated upon an advanthese tactics he was tageous line. By these tactics he was tember to attack the enabled early in September to attack the ey of the Marne, and Germans in the valley of the Marne, and cman invasion. He so checked the German invasion. He in chiel of the continued as commander in chief of the 1917, in which year French armies 1917, in which year rshall Foch. He is he gave place to Marshall Foch. He is thematician, besides a distinguished mathematician, besides trict disciplinarian. being known as a strict disciplinarian. "My March to Tim- He wrote one book, "My March to Timary medal together buctoo." The military medal together honors were conwith numerous other honors were conthe President of the ferred on him by the President of the his great services in French Republic for his great services in the war. G, a town in the