Januarius
Januarius names 2 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Januarius ST., or SAN GENthe period e period NARO
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
ST., or SAN GENthe period e period NARO, a martyr of the Christian faith abroad. road. He under Diocletian. Bishop of Benevento Studies " udies" (18 in the 3rd century. According to the Neapolitan ( ( 1887 1890));; 887); tradition, he was taken pri- 890); "St soner at Nola; and the place of his mar- ( 1891); 891); "In tyrdom, in 305, was Pozzuoli. His body the Sargasso is preserved at Naples, in the crypt of ing of of The the cathedral, and in a chapel of the ( 1900); 900); "F same church are also preserved the head ( 1912); 912) "A of the martyr, and two phials supposed Died 1913. ed 1918. to contain his blood. On three festivals JAPAN JAPAN of each year-the chief of which is the Pacific day of the martyrdom, Sept. 19, the others the first Sunday evening in May including eluding J and Dec. 16, as well as on occasions of public danger or calamity, the head and Karafuto the phials of the blood are carried in 260,738 0,788 solemn procession to the high altar of clusive Japan of pan sive of Kor the cathedral, or of the church of St. The e populatio Clare, where after prayer of longer or shorter duration, the blood, on the phials 000, and , and of being brought into contact with the head, 77,000,000 The total e total por 000,000. is believed to liquefy and is presented for four large ar large s the veneration of the people, or for the with an th an area conviction of the doubter. It occasion- Physical Physical Fe ally happens that a considerable time elapses before the liquefaction takes pan a huge appear appear place, and sometimes it altogether fails. auge chain! from a The latter is regarded as an omen of the vanced need from worst import. This chain
Januarius ST. the French clergy still hold the principles doors ors and of Jansenius
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
ST. the French clergy still hold the principles doors ors and of Jansenius. While Jansenism refice carried ce carried mained in France a theological school, it month onth of t became in the Netherlands an independname azae from V ent Church. In 1704, Codde, the vicardawn of awn of eve apostolic of the archbishopric of Utrecht, ment of ent of ever was deposed by the Pope for holding usually ually repre Jansenistic views; but the chapter reing in gin oppo fused to acknowledge the validity of this at Rome Rome wh deposition, and in 1723 they chose an ar, and shu archbishop of their own. Since that time they have had an archbishop at JANVIER JANVIER Utrecht, and bishops at Haarlem and American an Deventer. These Jansenists call themphia, Pa ia, Pa., Ju selves by preference the disciples of St. mon school on school e Augustine. paper per work 1881; 81; lived i
What Has Changed in the Last Century
The ritual Collier's described in 1921 is still performed in Naples on the same three occasions, and the Church has still never officially pronounced the liquefaction a miracle, calling it a prodigy the faithful may venerate. The vials have never been opened for full chemical analysis, but in 1991 a team of Italian chemists led by Luigi Garlaschelli produced a thixotropic gel that liquefies when shaken, using materials available in the fourteenth century, when the ritual is first recorded. Collier's note that failure is "an omen of the worst import" is still repeated in the press: the blood failed to liquefy in December 2020, and Neapolitans linked earlier failures to the 1980 Irpinia earthquake. The other Januarius on this page, the Jansenist see of Utrecht, became the Old Catholic Church, which since 1889 has headed the Union of Utrecht and now ordains women.
Written for this edition, 2026.