Joram
Joram names 2 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Joram or JEHORAM, the son and AM
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
or JEHORAM, the son and AM, the son and successor of Jehoshaphat, King of Judah. t, King of Judah. He reigned with his father, from alone father, from 889 B. C., four years, and four years . , daughter d four years alone. He was married to Athaliah evil influence thalich, daughter of Ahab and Jezebel, whose the land. He hose ovil influence made his reign a curse to number to the land, He slew his own brothers, five in , He also number, and seized their possessions. their wor- He slec introduced Phœnician idols and revolt of their worship into Judah. A successful repeated invasions of essful revolt of the Edomites, and Arabians made of his sions of the Philistines and of his reign a calamity.
Joram or JEHORAM (-hō'ram)
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
or JEHORAM (-hō'ram), son of Ahab, King of Israel; successor 896 B. c. of his older brother Ahaziah, During his reign of 12 years the Moabthe aid of ites revolted. Joram secured Jehoshaphat, King of Judah, and deslaughter. feated the Moabites with great He was involved in war with Ben-hadad, King of Syria, and Hazael his successor; miraculous and at this time occurred the deliverance of Samaria from siege and famine, and also various miracles of . Elisha, including the healing of Naaman Joram was wounded in a battle with sub- Hazael, and met his death, in the the hand of urbs of Ramoth-gilead, by was thrown Jehu his general. His body and into the field of Naboth, at Jezreel, Ahab. with him perished the race of
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's put Jehoram of Israel's accession at 896 B.C. and Jehoram of Judah's co-regency at 889 B.C.; modern chronologies, tied to Assyrian records that date Jehu's tribute to Shalmaneser III at 841 B.C., compress both reigns into roughly the 850s and 840s, ending with Jehu's coup in 841. The most striking addition came in 1993-94, when excavators at Tel Dan in northern Israel found a broken Aramaic victory stele, usually reconstructed as an Aramaean king (often identified as Hazael) boasting of killing a king of Israel and a king of the "House of David" - names widely restored as Jehoram and Ahaziah, the very pair whom 2 Kings assigns to Jehu's hand. If that reading holds, we have the earliest extra-biblical mention of the dynasty of David, and a rival account of how Joram died. The narrative outline Collier's gives, drawn straight from Kings and Chronicles, is otherwise still the story historians work from, though they now treat the Elisha miracle cycle as a separate body of tradition rather than reign-by-reign reportage.
Written for this edition, 2026.