Joseph

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

KING OF NAPLES. See BONAPARTE. JOSEPH I., Emperor of Germany, the of Leopold son I.; born in 26, 1678. He succeeded his father in Vienna, July 1705. He was engaged nearly the whole of his reign in hostilities; and with England and Holland continued the war against France, to seat the Archduke Charles on the throne of Spain. The splendid victories gained by the allies under Marlborough in the Low Countries, and Prince Eugene on the Rhine, made the reign of Joseph remarkably brilliant . His arms were equally triumphant in Italy and Hungary; in the latter kingdom he drove the revolted Rackoczy from the country, and forced him to seek safety in France; while in the Italian peninsula his conquest was most complete; all the great cities from Mantua to Genoa were laid under heavy contributions. He died April 17, 1711. JOSEPH II., Emperor of Germany; son of the Emperor Francis I., and Maria Theresa; born in He was crowned King of the Romans in Vienna, Mar. 13, 1741. 1764; the year following he succeeded his father; and in 1780, 780, by the death of the empress-queen, he succeeded to the crown of Hungary and Bohemia. In 1788, a declaration of war was published against the Turks, and the same year the emperor, in person, reduced Schabatz; but this was followed by a defeat of Prince Lichtenstein, who fell in the action. Soon after this a bloody battle fought between the Imperialists and was Turks, on the heights of Rohadin, in which neither could claim the victory. Joseph next made an attempt to possess himself of Belgrade, but without success. But Marshal Laudon taking on himself the command of the army, took Dubicza and Novi, and, in 1789, reduced Belgrade, soon after which a peace was concluded, chiefly in consequence of the agitation caused in Europe by the French revolution. He died in Vienna, Feb. 20, 1790, King me 176 of this 796, self Italian aft Great to Bid of