Julich

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

a town of Rhenish Prussia, on the Roer, 20 miles N. E. of Aix-la-Chapelle, the Juliacum of the Romans. Till its fortifications were razed in 1860 it ranked as a fortress of the second class. From the 12th century Jülich was 1801 the duchy was annexed to France, in 1814 to Prussia. Pop. about 7,500. JULIUS I., Pope, succeeded to the see on papal the death of Mark in 337, and is celebrated for the part he took in the Athanasian Controversy. He died in 352. JULIUS II. (GIULIANO DELLA ROVERE), Pope; born in Albezuola, in 1443. He was nephew of Pope Sixtus IX., bishop successively of several sees, last of Avignon, and in 1471 became cardinal. He had been exiled by Alexander VI., but had influence to procure the election of Pius III., in September, 1503, and on his death, a month later, succeeded him. He recovered part of the Romagna from Cesare Borgia, Bologna from the Bentivoglio, and Perugia from the Baglioni. Against the Venetians, who held part of the Romagna, he concluded, in 1508, the iniquitous League of Cambray, with the emperor, Louis XII. of France, and the King of Aragon. After much fighting the Venetians submitted, and he peace with them in 1510. He then made war on the French, to drive them out of Italy; conducted in person the siege of La Mirandola, and took it in 1511; saw his army defeated at Bologna, and the city again in the hands of the French, and was compelled to retire to Rome. A council being convoked at Pisa by the King of France, Julius convoked another at Rome; excommunicated Louis XII., and put his kingdom under an interdict in 1512; and died early in the following year. He was a friend of the rising litend of the rising lit erature of the time. The rebuilding of The rebuilding of St. Peter's at Rome was commenced by was commenced by Julius II. after the design of Bramante; lesign of Bramante; and Michael Angelo and Raphael were and Raphael were among the great artists who found in tists who found in him a patron. He died Feb. 21, 1513. led Feb. 81, 1518. JULIUS III., previously known as reviously known as CARDINAL DEL MONTE, was , was chamberlain to Julius II., whose name he consequently chamberlain name be consequently assumed. Died in 1555.