Justin
Justin names 2 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Justin ST., or JUSTIN MARTYR
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
ST., or JUSTIN MARTYR, 2d century; a Christian apologist of the . Carefully born in Sichem, Samaria of Greek philostrained in the schools converted to the Christian ophy, he was 30 years of age. A faith when about out against the persecution breaking , Justin pre- Christians, under Antoninus emperor an admirable sented to that e and op d lawyers nsisted t through reduced abridgn substan tary for including lected i "New Cæsar h were con JUTE Corchor to the r linden). the warm tivation gal, on annual r or 14 fe bark of eminent the bark The Aber face; it is and hence and canv making b and Gree purpebas, cordage, facture o use is in t for baggin tion of Bengal, ju ipers wov remote por branch of JUTERY province rail S. S. and wine Tüterbog is nans under inder Ney Cop., about JUTIAP f Guatem alapa and Pacific Oce the W. quare mi aising and apital, Jut JUTTANS ormerly co ental porti at now re oninsula b of Schles apology in their behalf, which had the desired effect. He afterward addressed another apology to Marcus Aurelius, in which he defended the Christians against the calumnies of Crescens, a Cynic philosopher. For this, and his neglect of pagan worship, he was condemned to be scourged , and then beheaded, which sentence was put in execution A. D. 165. a same time, JUSTINIAN (-tin'i-an) I. (FLAVIUS ANICIUS JUSTINIANUS ), a Byzantine emperor; born in Tauresium , Dardania, Illyricum, probably May 11, 483. He succeeded his uncle Justin I. in 527. He had married Theodora, a well-known actress and courtesan , who was created Augusta, and crowned the same day as her husband. About the BELISARIUS (q. v.), was married to Antonina, professional companion of Theodora; and to the intrigues and jealousies stirred up by these two women are to be attributed the stains on Justinian's personal character. The political events of his reign may be summed up in the wars of Belisarius and the eunuch Narses, who obtained splendid successes over the Persians in the East, and the Vandals and Goths in Italy, and in the terrible sedition which broke out in Constantinople in 532, and was extinguished in the blood of 30,000 persons. In the latter case, Justinian I. would have fled from his capital, but for the courage and talents of Theodora . The glory of his reign is the famous JUSTINIAN CODE (q. v.). Justinian I. was also a great builder and engineer, and works of public utility were kept constantly in progress all parts of the empire. He was remarkable for temperance, great learning and diligent application to business; but his religious bigotry, and his weakness in the hands of Theodora, marred all his good qualities. He died Nov. 14, 565. JUSTINIAN II., surnamed RHINOT- METUS , a Byzantine emperor. He succeeded his father, Constantine IV. in 685. He was deposed and banished for his cruelty , by his general, Leontius, 695; regained his throne 10 years afterward, and, exhibiting the same ferocious disposition, was assassinated , 711.
Justin ST. printing
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
ST. printing, the adjustment of distance bethe words and the tween the letters in avoid any glarwords in a line, so as to and make them fill the ing disproportion , Protestant: measure. In theology God declares a forensic act by which the him of all sinner righteous, and acquits the meritorious life guilt on account of of Jesus Christ the and atoning death to the sinner and re- Redeemer, imputed . A broad distincceived by faith alone justification and tion is drawn between Eleventh Artisanctification. (See the Justification, also cle, and the Homily, Of , ch. xi.) Roman Confession of Faith infusion of righteousness Catholic: the Spirit of God. On into the sinner by the is not essential distincthat view there and sanctification between justification of this view, and tion. In support drawn by Protesagainst the distinction justification and sanctifitants between cite I Cor. vi: cation, Roman theologians eite 1 Cor. 11. JUSTIN I. (FLAVIUS ANICIUS emperor; Byzantine JUSTINUS), born in A. D. 450. He rose to the rank of private soldier, bea the rank o general from being a swineherd. The fore which he was a Prætorian band forced vinch soldiers of the dignity on the band force him to accept the imperial , in 518. He recalled death of Anastasius He recali the bishops who had been banished by the published several severe Arians, and destruction of Antioch by an earthquake, imperial robes, clothed he laid aside the Bever days in fasting and prayer, to avoid divine and other judgment places. which He rebuilt were that destroyed city, . , 527. ug JUSTIN II., a Byzantine emperor; 565) of Justinian nephew and successor ( his cousin Justinus to be I. He caused against Chosstrangled. He made war who was obliged roes, King of Persia, II. married to sue for peace. Justin , niece of Theodora, wife of the Sophia , a woman of high Emperor r Justinianus advantage of her husspirit, who, taking , governed the empire band's weakness with Tiberius. He died in conjunction Oct. 5, 578.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
The bare outlines here still stand: Justin Martyr was beheaded about 165, Justinian I reigned 527-565 and left the code that bears his name, and Justin I really did rise from obscure Illyrian peasant to emperor in 518. What has moved is interpretation. Collier's 1921 claim that Justin's apology to Antoninus Pius "had the desired effect" is now doubted, since the persecutions continued and the two Apologies are often read as one work or as a pair never formally received; his birthplace, Flavia Neapolis near ancient Shechem, is today the West Bank city of Nablus. Theodora's description as "a well-known actress and courtesan" comes almost entirely from Procopius's hostile Secret History, which modern historians read as polemic rather than reportage, and Collier's says nothing of the catastrophe that now dominates accounts of the reign: the plague that struck the empire from 541, which twenty-first-century DNA work on sixth-century graves identified as Yersinia pestis, the same bacterium as the Black Death.
Written for this edition, 2026.