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Letter of Marque

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

the commission authorizing a privateer to make war upon, or seize the property of , another nation. Letters of marque were abolished among European nations by the treaty of Paris in 1856. LETTOW-VORBECK, GENERAL German military officer. He VON, a was, before the World War, commander of the German forces in the Kameroons , East Africa, and was also head of the second sea battalion. During the World War, though barred from communication with Germany, he kept in the field against the British for four years. When his forces were driven from German East Africa he held his ground in Mozambique, and held his small army intact in Rhodesia at the time of the armistice. sed in print al or wood. ent type, a bt of letter. dy and face in propor of a book o ter is know s to the siz most common Nonparei Long Primer ese sizes ar e point sys wel ed nd to riters, as t gné, the le id even tho ancients, and Senec e latter ted to wha ion of age ise, whatev contents the epist St. John, ture sign the medi that is, Aned to bis, schol xpression lic of lette ethemse minds. the comr to make of, ano were a dona by GENER officer. comma Kamerc head of the T kent four y small time o LETTRES DE CACHET (let duh stood a käsh ā), the name given to the warrants which ond of imprisonment issued by the kings of France before into the the Revolution. The use of was from lettres de cachet became much more frequent the poster after the accession of Louis nassus thi XIV. than it had been before, and it was very common The capin for persons to be arrested E. coast, upon such warrant and clapped into the and has Bastille. It was not always for political reasons that nearly do lettres de cachet were ob- 1825. tained; sometimes private persons got troublesome members of their families brought to reason in this way. Prossio, of Breslat

What Has Changed in the Last Century

Collier's was right in 1921 that the Declaration of Paris of 1856 ended privateering among the European powers, and no state has commissioned a privateer in a serious war since. What Collier's does not mention is that the United States never signed that declaration: Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution still empowers Congress "to grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal," a power last exercised in the War of 1812, with the Confederacy issuing its own commissions in 1861. The clause has been dusted off rhetorically since — members of Congress proposed letters of marque against al-Qaeda after 2001 and against Somali pirates — but none were granted, and armed escort work at sea is now done by licensed private security firms under ordinary contract law.

Written for this edition, 2026.