Lima
Lima names 2 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below. 1 of them is described by more than one encyclopedia.
Lima le ma, the capital city of Peru
Described by 2 of the 6 encyclopedias.
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
le ma, the capital city of Peru. It is located on the Rimac River, seven miles from the Pacific. Callao, at the mouth of the river, is the seaport. Railroads lead from Lima to Callao and other coast points. A railway extends from Lima to Concepcion far up on the Andes. Lima was founded by Pizarro in 1535. The old city was surrounded by adobe walls, after the fashion of European cities. They were removed in 1870 to make room for handsome boulevards. The city is well laid out, chiefly in squares. Buildings are usually of one story, as the city is subject to earthquakes. Lima has long been considered a city of considerable culture and refinement. A university was founded here half a century before Harvard was established. It is the oldest institution of learning in America. The usual academic course, with schools of theology, law, medicine, art, and music, is maintained. In 1880 the invading army of Chile destroyed the national library, then containing 60,000 volumes. A new library has been built up, almost as large as the old one, but many old books, treasures in their way, cannot be replaced. The casual visitor would be interested in an amphitheater for bullfights, accommodating 9,000 spectators. The fish market of the city attracts 1,000 housewives with their market baskets daily. There is a marble statue of Columbus unveiling a figure of America, and a bronze equestrian statue of Simon Bolivar, the Liberator. Pizarro lies buried in the Cathedral. There are manufactures of tallow candles, glue, gold lace, silver filigree, and coarse woolen fabrics. The present population is about 140,000. See Peru
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
the capital of Peru; at the foot of granitic hills; 7 miles from Callao, its port on the Pacific, on the Rimac river. It is regularly built, and many of the streets have a stream of water running down the center. The numerous domes and spires give Lima a fine appearance from a distance, but the houses are mostly of unburnt brick. Among the public buildings and institutions the cathedral, the convent of San Francisco, the exhibition palace, and the university with its national library and museum, deserve special mention. The manufactures are unimportant, but there is a considerable import and export trade through the port of Callao. The climate is very agreeable, but the locality is subject to earthquakes, the most destructive having been that of 1746. Lima was founded in 1535 by Pizarro, and called Ciudad de los Reyes (City of the Kings). In January, 1881, Lima capitulated to the Chileans, who occupied it for upward of two years. Pop. about 143,000.
Lima a city and county-seat of Allen co.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city and county-seat of Allen co., O.; on the Ottawa river and on the Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton, the Erie, the Lake Erie and Western, and several other railroads; 71 miles N. of Dayton. It is the trade center of the Lima oil field, a region embracing six counties; and has several large railroad shops, and manufactories of cars, locomotives, machinery, and petroleum refineries. Pop. (1910) 30,508; (1920) 41,326.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
When Collier's counted "about 143,000" residents in 1921, Lima was a low-rise city where, as Aiton's put it in 1910, "buildings are usually of one story, as the city is subject to earthquakes." Metropolitan Lima now holds roughly 10 to 11 million people, about a third of all Peruvians, and its centre is built up with towers; the historic core was named a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1988. The University of San Marcos, founded 1551, is still the oldest surviving university in the Americas, but the Pizarro tomb Aiton's mentions proved to be the wrong man: remains found in a crypt of the cathedral in 1977 were identified in the 1980s as the conquistador, and the body previously displayed was not his. Lima, Ohio, has gone the other way, dropping from the 41,326 of the 1920 census to around 35,000 today as the oil field that made it a boom town played out, though a large refinery still operates there.
Written for this edition, 2026.