Lord
Lord names 2 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Lord a British administrator
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a British administrator; born in Yorkshire, England, March 4, . Educated at the college of Haileybury, he went to India in 1829, where his rare administrative ability caused him to receive the appointment of chief commissioner of the Punjab in 1853. The entire wisdom of this appointment was demonstrated during the Indian Mutiny of 1857. By the influence which he had gained over the Sikhs, Lawrence was able not only to keep the Punjab quiet, but to collect native forces and send them to assist in the early capture of Delhi . He was known as the savior of India, and his services were rewarded by his being made vernor-general in 1869. On his return to England in in 1868 18 he was raised to the peerage under the title of Baron Lawrence of the Punjab and of Grately. He died in London, June 26, 1879 . LAWRENCE, ST., GULF OF. See GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE. LAWRENCE, ST., RIVER. See ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. LAWRENCE SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL. See HARVARD UNIVERSITY. an LAWRENCE, SIR THOMAS, English portrait painter; born in Bristol, England, May 4, 1769. At the age of 18 he entered as a student of the Royal Academy. In 1791 he was elected associate, and in 1798 full member. After Reynolds' death he was appointed lim- Rev ner to the king in 1792 and was knighted in 1815; and on Benjamin West's death in 1820 he succeeded him as president of the Royal Academy. Lawrence was the favorite portrait painter of his time . His talent was overrated during his lifetime; his work scarcely rises above the conventional level. He died in London , Jan. 7, 1830. LAWRENCE, WILLIAM, an American Protestant Episcopal bishop, born in Boston, in 1850. He graduated from Harvard University in 1871, and from the Episcopal Theological School, in 1875. He was ordained priest in 1876, and from that year to 1884 was rector of Grace Church, Lawrence, Mass. He was connected with the Episcopal Theological School from 1888 to 1893. In the latter year he was consecrated bishop of Massachusetts. He was the author of "Visions and Service" (1896); "Life of Roger Wolcott, Governor of Massachusetts" (1902); "Study of Phillips Brooks" (1903). During the World War he was chairman of the War Commission of the Protestant Episcopal Church.
Lord in feudal times
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
in feudal times, the lord (sei gneur) was the grantor or proprietor of the land, who retained the dominion or ultimate property of the feud or fee; and the grantee, who had only the use or possession of the land, was styled the feudatory or vassal. A person who has the fee of a manor, and consequently the homage of his tenants, is called the "lord of the manor." The superior lord is styled "lord paramount"; and his tenants, if they grant a portion of the land to other tenants, while they remain tenants in reference to the lord paramount. are lords in reference to their own tenants, and are hence styled mesne or , is middle lords. Lord, in Great Britain also a title of dignity attached to certain official stations, sometimes hereditary, sometimes only official or personal. All who are noble by birth or creation are styled lords. It is likewise given by courtesy to the younger sons of dukes and marquises, and to the eldest sons of these and of earls. In the translation of the Scriptures, Lord is used, without much discrimination, for all the names applied to God; but when it represents the great name of Jehovah, it is printed in small capitals. In the New Testament it is applied in the origina to Jesus Christ, the term Greek being kurios (owner or master).
What Has Changed in the Last Century
When Collier's wrote this in 1921, a lord could still be a working feudal figure: copyhold tenure survived, and the House of Lords was an overwhelmingly hereditary chamber whose veto had only just been curbed by the Parliament Act of 1911. Copyhold was swept away by the Law of Property Act of 1922, leaving "lord of the manor" a largely empty title that is now bought and sold; the Land Registration Act of 2002 forced surviving manorial rights to be registered by 2013 or lapse. The peerage itself was transformed by the Life Peerages Act of 1958, which created non-hereditary lords and admitted women, and by the House of Lords Act of 1999, which expelled all but 92 of the hereditary peers. Collier's remark that "all who are noble by birth or creation are styled lords" now describes a chamber where the great majority were appointed for life and none of them inherit a seat as of right.
Written for this edition, 2026.