Lowell
Lowell names 7 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Lowell a manufacturing city of Massachusetts
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
a manufacturing city of Massachusetts. It is situated at the junction of the Concord and the Merrimac, twenty-five miles northwest of Boston. An earlier name was Chelmsford. In 1822 the Merrimac Manufacturing Company established a cotton mill here. The name was changed to Lowell in honor of Francis Cabot Lowell, a pioneer in cotton spinning, the first American to make cotton cloth from raw cotton under one roof. There are numerous industries, as the making of hosiery, carpets, furniture, machinery, and ammunition. It is the great center in the United States for the manufacture of bunting for flags. Patent medicines are compounded on a large scale. The Ayers alone spend $600,000 a year on advertising and distribute 25,000,000 almanacs. The chief industry, however, is cotton spinning and weaving. A series of rapids at this point have a descent of thirty-two feet, and are relied upon chiefly for motive power. The factories cover many acres. A living tide of operatives pours in and out of the gates at the opening and closing hours. Every operation in cotton manufacture from the opening of the cotton bale to the boxing up of beautiful goods for shipment to the jobber may be seen to advantage in these mills. The city has spared no pains to maintain efficient municipal departments. Despite the great number of wage earners who do not own homes, the city is an attractive place of residence. A statue to Ephraim Ellsworth, the first soldier to fall in the Civil War, stands near the center of the city. In 1900 the population was reported at 94,969. Nearly half are of foreign birth. The predominating element is French Canadian, attracted by the opportunity to earn wages and lead a sociable life. When the mills were established the operatives were chiefly farmer's girls. Lucy Larcom and many another refined New England woman worked at one time in the mills. The change is a study in social science. See Butler ; Larcom ; Cotton ; Calico ; Dyeing
Lowell A (BBOTT) LAWRENCE
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
A (BBOTT) LAWRENCE. American governor; born in Minnesota President of Harvard University, Cam- 1861, educated at Iowa State University, bridge, Mass.; born in Boston in 1856 practiced law in Chicago 1887-1906. In and graduated from Harvard in 1877. 1899 he accepted the professorship of He entered the Harvard Law School and law at Northwestern University. In the practiced law in Boston from 1880 to years 1900 to 1920 he took an active 1897. In 1900 he became professor of part in the politics of the Republican the science of government at Harvard party, being a delegate to several of the and in 1909 succeeded Charles W. Eliot national conventions. In 1906 he served as president of the university. President in Congress, filling out the unexpired Lowell became a trustee of several great On Aug. 23, governor of landed there . His alleged brought 1 institutions of learning in the United States and received degrees from leading colleges at home and abroad. In addition to numerous smaller works and essays, President Lowell published in A. LAWRENCE LOWELL 1896 (revised 1914) "Governments and Parties of Continental Europe" and in 1908 "The Government of England. They constitute as a whole the most pro found studies of European government yet made by an American and his "Government of England" is aptly compared with the great work of Bryce on the American government.
Lowell a city and one of the coun- LOW
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city and one of the coun- LOW, WILL HICOK, an American figure painter and illustrator. After his ty-seats of Middlesex co., Mass., on the early education in Albany, New York, Merrimac river and the Boston and he came to New York City in 1870 and Maine and the New York, New Haven began to illustrate for several magazines. and Hartford railroads, 22½ miles N. Later he went to Paris, where his art W. of Boston, and contains the villages was much influenced by Duran and Milof Ayers City, Belvidere, Bleachery, let. When he returned to America in Centralville, Highlands, Middlesex Vil- 1877 he became instructor in the art lage, and Pawtucketville. The city declasses at the Cooper Union. In his rives immense water power from the falls work in glass painting he was associof the river, and is one of the largest ated with John La Farge. Among his cotton-manufacturing cities in the world. more famous paintings are "Aurora" It also has large woolen, carpet, patent- (Metropolitan Museum, N. Y.) and medicine, furniture, tools, hydraulic-press, "Christmas Morn" (National Gallery, ammunition and hosiery manufactories and iron machine works. Among the Washington). charitable and educational institutions
Lowell JAMES RUSSELL, an American author
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
JAMES RUSSELL, an American author; born in Cambridge, Mass., Feb. 22, 1819; was graduated at Harvard College in 1838. In January, 1855, he succeeded Henry W. Longfellow as Professor of Modern Languages in Harvard College. He became a high authority in old French and Provençal poetry, was the first editor of the "Atlantic Monthly" (1857), and joint editor with Prof. Charles Eliot Norton of the "North American Review" in 1863-1872. He was United States minister to Spain in 1877-1880 and to Great Britain in 1880-1885. During his residence in London he was elected Lord Rector of St. Andrew's University in Edinburgh. Hiş works include: "Conversations on Some of the Old Poets" (1845); "Poems" (1848); "The Biglow Papers" (1848); "Life of Keats" (1854); "Poetical Works" (2 vols. 1858); "The President's Policy" (1864); "Ode recited at the Commemoration of the Living and Dead Soldiers of Harvard University" (1865); "Democracy and other Addresses" (1887); etc. He died in Cambridge, Mass., Aug. 12, 1891.
Lowell PERCIVAL, an American author and astronomer
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
PERCIVAL, an American author and astronomer; born in Boston, Mass., March 13, 1855. He was graduated from Harvard in 1876, and spent some time in Japan and Korea. He established the Lowell Observatory at Flagstaff, Ariz., in 1894. Among his works are: "Chosön, a Sketch of Corea" (1886); "The Soul of the Far East" (1888); "Mars" (1895); "Annals of the Lowell Observatory" (1898-1900); "Mars and Its Canals" (1906); "Mars as the Abode of Life" (1908); "The Evolution of Worlds" (1909). Died in 1916.
Lowell AMY, American poet
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
AMY, American poet; born in Brookline, Mass., in 1874, she was educated in private schools, and brought out her first volume, "A Dome of Many- Colored Glass," in 1912. Two years later appeared "Sword Blades and Poppy Seed," and these were followed by "Six French Poets" (1915); "Men, Women, and Ghosts" in free verse (1916); and "Tendencies in Modern American Po-various prominent men have continued etry" (1917). Is member of the Poetry Society of America, and N. E. Poetry Club.
Lowell FRANCIS CABOT, an American merchant
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
FRANCIS CABOT, an American merchant, son of John Lowell (1743-1802); born in Newburyport, Mass., April 7, 1775. He acquired celebrity as being the first to establish the cotton manufacture in the United States, and, also, as the founder of the town which bears his name, and which has since become the chief seat of textile manufactures in this country. He died in Boston, Mass., Sept. 2, 1817.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
The city entry is the one the century overturned: when these accounts were written Lowell was "one of the largest cotton-manufacturing cities in the world," with a "living tide of operatives" and 94,969 people, nearly half foreign-born and mostly French Canadian. The mills moved south in the 1920s and 1930s, the great brick complexes stood empty, and in 1978 Congress made the canals and mill yards Lowell National Historical Park, one of the first national parks built around an industrial city; the largest later employer, Wang Laboratories, boomed in the 1980s and went bankrupt in 1992. Today's population is about 115,000, and the dominant immigrant community is Cambodian rather than Quebecois, one of the largest in the United States. Of the people on the page, A. Lawrence Lowell went on to run Harvard until 1933, building the undergraduate house system but also imposing quotas on Jewish applicants and sitting on the committee that upheld the Sacco and Vanzetti verdict in 1927; the Minnesota-born governor described here is Frank Lowden of Illinois, who came within a few ballots of the 1920 Republican presidential nomination that went to Harding; James Russell Lowell, minister to Britain and first editor of the Atlantic Monthly, is far less read than in 1921, his Biglow Papers now largely a scholarly subject, while the Lowell name in poetry has passed to his relatives Amy and Robert; the illustrator Will Hicok Low, who strayed onto the page alphabetically, is remembered mainly for his stained glass work with John La Farge.
Written for this edition, 2026.