Lubbock

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

SIR JOHN, an English archæologist, naturalist and politician; born in London, England, April 30, 1834. He joined his father's banking business in 1848; became a partner in 1856; entered Parliament in 1870 as member for Maidstone; after 1880 represented London University. He was a recognized authority on financial and educational questions. He was also distinguished as a man of science, being author of " Prehistoric Times "; " Origin of Civilization "; " Origin and Metamorphoses of Insects "; " British Wild Flowers in their Relation to Insects "; " Ants, Bees and Wasps "; "The Origin of Civilization and the Primitive Condition of Man"; "Buds and Stipules" (1898); "Marriage, Totemism and Religion" (1909). He died in 1913. LÜBECK (lü'bek), a free city and state of Germany, on the Trave, about 10 miles from Travemünde, at its mouth in the Gulf of Lübeck, in the Baltic, 36 miles N. E. of Hamburg; lat. 53° 52′ N., lon. 10° 45′ 5" E.; area of state, 115 square miles; pop. about 100,000; the land is very productive; chief industry, cattle raising. The city is built on a ridge between the Trave and the Wakenitz; environs well wooded, and enlivened with cheerful villas; streets wide, the houses generally old, built of stone, and with their gable ends toward the street, are generally lofty, six or seven stories being quite common; has schools of surgery, navigation, etc., public library of 130,000 volumes. Prior to the World War Lübeck had large commercial interests, chiefly with the north and west of Europe. Its date of foundation is uncertain, but it existed in 1140, was ceded to the dukes of Saxony in 1158, taken by the Danes in 1201; was made a free imperial eity in 1226, when the Danish garrison was expelled; became the head of the Hanseatic League in 1241. The dissolution of the League marked the epoch of its decline. It was annexed to the empire in 1810, and regained its freedom after the battle of Leipsic in 1813.