Marie

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

ADELAIDE THERESE HIL- MARIANNE ISLANDS. See GUAM: DA ANTOINETTE WILHELMINE, LADRONES. Grand-Duchess of Luxemburg; born in 1894, granddaughter ter of Adolphus of Nassau, who became Grand-Duke of Luxemburg in 1890. There being no male heir she succeeded her father, Grand-Duke for seven years, who died in 1912. She is also the granddaughter of Dom Miguel, of Portugal. The Duchess Marie strongly objected to the violation of the neutrality of Luxemburg by the Germans in 1914, and was said to be in favor of armed resistance. She abdicated in favor of her sister in 1919. See LUX- EMBURG. MARIE ANTOINETTE (ong-twäter of Cologne and the Elector-Palatine net'), Queen of France; born in Vienna, Austria, Nov. 2, 1755. She was the 000000 MARIE ANTOINETTE daughter of the Emperor Francis I. and the celebrated Maria Theresa. She left Vienna for Versailles in 1770, when only 15 years of age, to give her hand to the young Duke of Berri, afterward Louis XVI. of France. She constantly opposed such measures of reform as had been proposed. Her unpopularity increased, and the general indignation was raised to the highest pitch by the enthusiastic reception given her at the guard's ball, on Oct. 1, 1789, where the white Bourbon cockades were worn, and the national cockade was trampled under foot. The insurrection of women and the attack on Versailles followed in a few days. The queen displayed such courage that she won the plaudits of the mob. It was the queen who advised the flight of the royal family from Paris in June, 1791, which ended in their capture and return. The queen exerted all her power to induce the king to meet death sword in hand; but he thought resistance was in vain, and was led with his consort before the Legislative Assembly, where she accompanied him to the prison of the Temple. There she again showed the highest courage. In August, 1793, she was removed to the Conciergerie, and in October she was brought before the revolutionary tribunal. She replied with firmness and decision to the charges brought against her; and she heard her sentence pronounced with perfect calmness. She was executed on Oct. 16, 1793. MARIE DE MEDICI (duh ma-disē'), Queen of France; born in Florence, Italy, April 26, 1573. She was daughter of Francis I., Grand-Duke of Tuscany, and married Henry IV. of France in 1600. The union was rendered unhappy in consequence of the jealous, obstinate, and violent character of the queen. On the death of Henry IV., in 1610, she was named regent; but her administration was disgraced by by the countenance she afforded to unworthy favorites. She even quarreled with her son, afterward Louis XIII., who was compelled to quit the courted bet reconciliation was, however, effected between them by Richelieu. That minister subsequently forced her to leave France. The remainder of her life was spent in exile. She died in Cologne, July 3, 1642.