Marne (River of France the most)

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

a river of France, the most Sordet's cavalry considerable tributary of the Seine, rising Amiens, their right in the plateau of Longres, flowing N. W. Kluck swerved to past Châlons to Epernay, thence W. and on the flank of SOMME RIN PERONNE ST QUENTIN GUISE RIK OISE AMIENS MEZIERES SERRE RIV LA FERE ROZOY CHAUNY OSISSONNE O NOYON AISNE RO LAON RETHEL COMPIEGNE AISNE RIV. OISE RIV. VOUZIERS SOISSONS AISNER O SEPT. 18 SENLIS O OURCO RIV REIMS CREPY 0 Q STMENEHOULD RIV MARNE CHATEAU BEAUMONT EPERNAY THIERRY SEPT. 9 PARIS SEPT. 12 MEAUX PTMORIN O MARNE RIV MONTMIRAIL LAGNY COULOMMIERS GD. MORIN LE FRANCOIS OSEZANNE 10 AUBETIN RIV. VITRY SCALE OF MILES SEPT. 5 40 15 20 25 SO FIRST BATTLE OF THE MARNE, SEPTEMBER, joining the Seine at Charenton, a few extending to Verdun French Army were miles above Paris; length, 326 miles; is the Fifth French navigable for 126 miles up to St. Dizier. of four corps, with It is connected by canals with the Rhine, tween. The three the Aisne, and the Seine. See MARNE, gether on Sept. 6. BATTLES OF THE.. department in the N. E. out of the old province traversed by the river less extent by the Seine , 3,167 square miles; . It is in the dry the N. that the best champagne are grown, of are exported. The rearan important industry, woolen manufactures are , beet root, and potahoney and wax are stone is quarried; and , etc., are in opera- BATTLES OF THE. OF THE. The Marne fought in Sepa turning point in . On Sept. 6 French their retreat from and made a stand armies. General von invest Paris as origithe French armies , was forced to stand great struggle began on Sixth Army with were concentrated near on Roye and as Von the left this army was the entire German line SEMOY ARLON SEDAN MONTMEDY LONGWY OTHAIN RIV MEUSE R. VERDUN TRIAUCOURT BAR-LE-DINAIN RIV STMIHIEL MARNE RIV. COMMERCY SAULX RIV 1914 . Next to the Sixth the British and then Army under D'Esperey, Conneau's cavalry bearmies operated toagainst the First ( Von Kluck's) and the Second (Von Bülow's) Armies. A Ninth French Army under General Foch occupied the center of the line, joining Langle de Cary's Fourth Army eastward, where they were opposed by the Third Saxon and the Duke of Württemberg's Fourth Army. Farther east beyond the plain of Châlons were the Third French (Sarrail), Second (Castelnau), and First (Dubail) facing the Crown Prince of Prussia, the Crown Prince of Bavaria, and General von Heemove drove ringen. The Prussian Crown Prince's OISE RIVER O ROYE LA FERE MONTDIDIER CHAUNY JULY 18. 1918 NOYON AUGUST 18 COUCY AISNE RIVER COMPIEGNE OISE RIVER SOISSONS VILLERS-COTTERETS OULCHY OURCQ RIV. O JULY 18.1918) BETZ CHATEAV THIERRY army was driven back by Dubail, Sarrail, and Castelnau, and held from Nancy and Verdun. Manoury's Sixth was divided only from Von Kluck by the river Ourcq. The German general crossed the Ourcq and fell upon the French Sixth Army with such violence that for two days victory hung in the balance for either side. Then 20,000 men, Republican Guards and gendarmes were rushed to the scene from Paris in cabs and automobiles and the Germans were forced to withdraw. Meanwhile D'Esperey's Fifth French Army on Sept. 6 had fought off the Third and Fourth German Corps. The British co-operated in these operations, but the French bore the brunt of the fighting. On Sept. 7, the British and Fifth French moved northward. The Sixth French Army still struggled on the Ourcq. The Fifth drove the Germans back to the Petit Morin river. Foch's army held ground, fighting hard. The French on the 8th advanced to Château-Thierry to reach the Marne river. The entire German right was in retreat. Von Kluck's frontal movement against D'Esperey had failed, and Manoury and Sir John French had turned his flank. The British had spread over the country between the Grande and Petit Morin and by night were in contact with Von Kluck's rear guard. D'Esperey captured Montmirail on the Petit Morin, exposing Von Kluck's right flank, and at night General Foch pushed forward his left wing and secured a position to the left of Von Bülow. Foch discovered also a gap between Von Kluck and Von Bülow's right, and by a daring RETHEL 0 LAON AISNE RIV ASFELD CRAONNE CROO 1918 OBRAISNE FISMES PONT FAVERGER REIMS VILLE-EN- VESLE RIVER TARDENOI5 MARNE RIVER DORMANS EPERNAY SECOND BATTLE OF THE MARNE, JULY TO AUGUST, 1918 his right between the two German armies. On the 9th Manoury won the line of the Ourcq; the British forced the Petit Morin, and by nightfall were near the Marne. Von Kluck was in full retreat. By night D'Esperey, advancing from Montmirail, was in touch with the British at Château-Thierry. The German right had given way and Von Bülow's right, furiously attacked by Foch in the morning of Sept. 9, while holding ground was still in peril. Two of Von Bülow's corps, driven into the marshes of St. Gond, lost heavily before they could gain high gro ground on the following morning. Von Bülow's left and Von Hausen came under especially heavy French_artillery fire, while at the same time Foch and Langle de Cary made violent direct attacks. Von Bülow was driven several miles toward Epernay and Von Hausen almost to Châlons. The Germans had now received reinforcements and their defense stiffened, but nothing could check seriously the Allies' drive. By night on Sept. 10 the battle was in its last throes. General Foch was near Châlons and General Langle de Cary occupied Vihy. Foch pushed on and entered Châlons. Manoury's Sixth French Army was moving along the right bank of the Ourcq toward Compiègne, driving Von Bülow almost to Rheims. On Sept. 12 the Germans had reached their prepared positions on the Aisne river. The first Battle of the Marne was more of a moral victory for the Allies than a material one. It gave them time to prepare and forever shattered German hopes of a swift victory over France on which they had counted. The second Battle of the Marne began on July 15, 1918, when General Foch's drive against the Germans was under way, culminating in their collapse. The Americans attacking at Vaux northwest of Château-Thierry at first lost ground and then drove the enemy across the Marne. On July 16 the Germans developed their positions on the south bank of the Marne east of Mazy and south of Dormans. Penetration at Bligny was developed by the Allies south to the Marne. July 18-23 French and American detachments under General Mangin attacked the right wing of the Prussian Crown Prince between Soissons and Château-Thierry on a 28-mile front with a penetration of 6 miles as far as the river Crise. The Allies saved the plateau of Soissons and recovered the entire sector northwest of Château-Thierry. In the center they crossed the Marne, threatening Jaulgonne. The booty from July 18 to 23, amounted to 25,000 prisoners and over 400 guns.