Martin
Martin names 8 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Martin the name of five Popes
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
the name of five Popes, as follows: MARTIN I., succeeded Theodore in 649, but was deposed by the emperor, and banished, ed, after suffering suffering great indignities, to the Sarmatian Chersonese, where he died in 655, being afterward numbered, for his suffering, among the saints. MARTIN II. succeeded John in 882, but died within 18 months of his election. MARTIN III. ascended the papal chair on the death of Stephen VIII., in 943, and died three years after. MARTIN IV. (Nicholas de la Brie), a Frenchman, succeeded Nicholas III. in 1281. Having been, from the time of his election, a devoted adherent of Charles of Anjou, he sup supported supported that monarch with all his influence, and even by the spiritual censures which he had at his command, in his effort to maintain French domination in Sicily; and it is to his use of the censures of the Church in that cause that many Catholic historians ascribe the decline and ultimate extinction of the authority in temporals which the papacy had exercised under the distinguished pontiffs who preceded him. It is in his time that took place the memorable tragedy known as the "Sicilian Vespers." He died in 1285. MARTIN V. (Otto Colonna), lonna), was elected after the abdication of Gregory XII., and the deposition of John XXII. and Benedict XII., his election finally extinguishing the great Western Schism. Martin presided at the last sessions of the Council of Constance, and the Fathers having separated without discussing the questions of reform, at that period earnestly called for in the Church, Martin undertook to call a new council for the purpose. The council was summoned accordingly, after several years, to meet at Siena, and ultimately assembled at Basel in 1431. Martin died in the same year.
Martin a bird of the swallow family
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
a bird of the swallow family, well known from Hudson Bay to the Gulf. The male is a shiny blue-black fellow, with lighter underparts fading into a white center. The martin is one of the most familiar of birds, preferring a bird house or a hole in the cornice of some building. Four to five white eggs. An intelligent observer, Mr. Otto Widmann, quoted by Chapman, states that, during the season of feeding their young, a colony of sixteen pairs of martins made 3,277 visits to the nests, apparently with food, in a single day. This gives an average of over 100 visits per parent bird. The sixteen males had a total credit of 1,454, and the females, 1,823 visits; showing greater zeal on the part of the mother birds. A hundred chases after insects is a hard day's work for either sex.
Martin HOMER DODGE, an American artist
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
HOMER DODGE, an American artist; born in Albany, N. Y., Oct. 28, 1836; was chiefly self -taught in painting; opened a studio in New York City in 1862; was elected a member of the National Academy of Design in 1875; and resided in France in 1882-1886 . While he was influenced somewhat by the Barbizon School of painters, no painter was more original than he. He succeeded in developing a style entirely his own, which was of so high a quality as to place him among the best known of American landscape painters. His best known works include "Landscape on the Seine"; "An Equinoctial Day"; "Brook in the Woods"; "In the Adirondacks"; "Sand Dunes on Lake Ontario"; "White Mountains , from Randolph Hill"; etc. He died in St. Paul , Minn., Feb. 12, 1897.
Martin a migratory bird
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a migratory bird, closely nest under the eaves of houses and barns, but it differs from the swallow in having a conspicious white band across the lower back. The sand martin (H. riparia) is pale brown above and white below. It hollows out galleries in the banks, where it nests and breeds. The sand martin and the house martin are both birds of passage, arriving in spring and departing toward the end of summer. Cypselus apus, the swift, is sometimes called the black martin. The purple martin of America is Hirundo (or Progne) purpurea. The plumage of the male is almost wholly steel-blue; the female is duller in color above, brownish-gray beneath. The fairy martin of Australia is Hirundo ariel.
Martin WILLIAM ALEXANDER PARSONS, an American educator
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
WILLIAM ALEXANDER PARSONS, an American educator; born in Livonia, Ind., April 10, 1827. A missionary originally at Ningpo, China (1850-1860), he founded and directed the Presbyterian mission at Peking, 1863- 1868; became Professor of International Law at Tungwên College, Peking, in 1868; president in 1869; was sent by China to the United States and Europe to report on methods of education in 1880- 1881. From 1898 to 1900 he was president of the Imperial University of Peking. He published in Chinese, " Evidences of Christianity" (1855); "The Three Principles" (1856); etc.; in English, "The Lore of Cathay, or the Intellect of China" (1901). He died in 1916.
Martin RICCARDO, an American tenor
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
RICCARDO, an American tenor, born in 1878 in Kentucky and trained at Columbia University under MacDowell. After studying piano and voice culture abroad, in 1900 he established himself in New York as a teacher of singing. Later, in 1904, he studied abroad and made his first appearance in opera in Nantes. In the course of a few years he returned to America and became in 1907 a member of the Metropolitan Opera House in New York . Martin became Caruso's substitute when the latter journeyed to Monte Carlo in 1915. In later years he has appeared frequently at the Covent Garden Opera in London.
Martin EDWARD SANDFORD, an resembling the swallow
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
EDWARD SANDFORD, an resembling the swallow. It builds a mud American journalist; born in "Willowbrook," Owasco Lake, N. Y., Jan. 2, 1856. He was graduated at Harvard College, in 1877, and was author of "Sly Ballades in Harvard China"; "A Little Brother of the Rich, and Other Poems"; "Windfalls of Observation"; "Reflection of a Beginning Husband" (1913); "The Unrest of Women" (1915); "The Diary of a Nation " (1917). He was for many years the chief editorial writer for "Life."
Martin SIR THEODORE, an English biographer
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
SIR THEODORE, an English biographer; born in Edinburgh , Scotland, Sept. 16, 1816. Married the actress Helen Faucit in 1851; was elected rector of the University of St. Andrews in 1880 . He made many excellent translations from Horace and Catullus, from Dante, from Goethe, Schiller, and Heine, and from mediæval ballads, epigrams, etc. On the completion of the "Life of the Prince Consort" (5 vols. 1874-1880), he was knighted. He died Aug. 18, 1909.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
The papal list here has since been corrected: the popes Collier's called Martin II (882) and Martin III (943) were really Marinus I and Marinus II, mistakenly renumbered by medieval scribes, so the Church now counts only three Martins - which is why the Frenchman elected in 1281 was already Martin IV. On the bird entries, swifts are no longer counted with the swallows at all (they belong to a separate order, not the passerines), the house and sand martins are now Delichon urbicum and Riparia riparia rather than Hirundo, and the purple martin praised by Aiton's for using a bird house now breeds in eastern North America almost entirely in human-supplied housing. Among the people, the one whose importance grew most is W. A. P. Martin, the Indiana missionary who was president of the Imperial University of Peking from 1898: that institution became Peking University, among China's most prestigious. Homer Dodge Martin's landscapes still hang in major American museums, tenor Riccardo Martin ended his singing career and died in 1952, and Edward Sandford Martin, cut off mid-entry here, is remembered as a founder of the Harvard Lampoon and first literary editor of the old Life.
Written for this edition, 2026.