Monk
Monk names 2 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Monk GEORGE, DUKE OF AL- BEMARLE
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
GEORGE, DUKE OF AL- BEMARLE, an English military commander; born in Potheridge, Devonshire, England, Dec. 6, 1608. Being a younger son, he entered the army as a volunteer, and served under his relation Sir Richard Grenville, in an expedition to Spain, and afterward served for some years in the Netherlands. On the breaking out of the war between Charles I. and the Scots, in 1639, he obtained a colonel's commission, and attended the king in both his expeditions to the N. When the lords- Irish rebellion began in 1641, the justices appointed him governor of Dubhe was lin. On his return to England sent to relieve Nantwich, where he was taken prisoner by the army of the Parliament, and sent to the Tower, where he remained till 1646. The royal cause being ruined, he obtained his liberty on condition of taking a command in Ireland, and concluded a peace with the rebels, which displeased Parliament. Cromwell made him Lieutenant-General, and gave him the chief command in Scotland. Monk distinguished himself at the battle war of Dunbar, and afterward in the decease of the with the Dutch. On the Protector and the resignation of power by his son, he took advantage of his position to crush the repu republicans, and recall was as a Charles II. to the throne, and . In reward created Duke of Albemarle 1664 he was appointed admiral of the to combine the maximum of gun-power fleet in conjunction with Prince Rupert, and in 1666 obtained a great victory over the Dutch. He died Jan. 3, 1670, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Monk a male religious living in community (except the Chartreux and Camaldoli
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a male religious living in community (except the Chartreux and Camaldoli, who are strictly solitary), bound by rule and practicing the counsels of perfection. The name was in universal use till the rise of the friars in the 13th century.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
The biographical half stands: George Monck (the spelling now usually preferred over Collier's "Monk") still ranks as the general whose march south from Scotland in 1660 made the Restoration of Charles II possible, and he still lies in Westminster Abbey. The definition of a monk has aged more. Collier's 1921 sketch of "a male religious living in community... bound by rule" would be recognised in any monastery today, but the Second Vatican Council's 1965 decree on religious life obliged every order to revise its rule and constitutions, and the Latin liturgy that framed the monastic day in 1921 has largely given way to the vernacular. Numbers have also fallen steeply across Europe and North America since the 1960s, while monasteries have grown in Africa and Asia; the Carthusians (Collier's "Chartreux") remain the solitary exception the entry describes.
Written for this edition, 2026.