Mutiny
2 of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf carry an entry for Mutiny. Both are reproduced below, so you can see where they agree and where they differ.
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
a rising of soldiers or sailors against a lawful officer. To join a mutiny, or to incite an insurrection among soldiers or sailors, is a serious offense. The laws of the United States provide that a soldier guilty of the offense shall be tried by court-martial and shall suffer death or such other punishment as the court may determine upon. A mutiny among seamen being regarded as a still more serious affair, death alone is the penalty. The laws of Great Britain are similar. In Russia the power of summary punishment is lodged in the hands of superior officers. Soldiers or sailors guilty of disobedience, not amounting to mutiny, may be put to death, even without the formality of trial. One of the most notable cases of mutiny on record is that of the sailors of the ship Bounty in 1789. The sailors arose in mutiny and took possession of the ship, setting their officers and eighteen of the crew adrift. As certain punishment awaited them if they returned home, about half of the mutineers settled on Pitcairn Island, where their descendants still live. In 1809 a British ship happening to touch for water, was surprised to find young men who spoke the English language. On inquiry, it was found that they were descendants of old mutineers who had taken native wives. The settlement thus founded still occupies the island. See Selkirk
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
the unlawful insurrection or revolt of soldiers or seamen against the authority of their commanders; open resistance of officers or opposition to their authority.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Aiton's told readers in 1910 that a mutinous seaman faced "death alone" and that British law was similar; Britain abolished the death penalty for mutiny and other military offences in 1998, and no one has been executed under the American military code since 1961, though Article 94 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice still allows it in theory. The Russian arrangement Aiton's described, in which officers could shoot for disobedience without trial, vanished with the tsarist army in 1917 — after mutinies at Kronstadt and elsewhere had helped bring it down. The Bounty story stands, and Pitcairn is still inhabited by descendants of the 1789 mutineers, but the population has dwindled to a few dozen, and the island drew world attention in 2004 when several men were tried for sexual offences.
Written for this edition, 2026.