Myxedema
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
the name generally accepted for a diseased condition first described by Sir William Gull in 1873. It occurs in adults, generally females, and is characterized by widespread changes in nutrition and by a thickening of the subcutaneous tissues, most noticeable in the face (which becomes enlarged, swollen-looking, and expressionless) and the hands, with a simultaneous dulling of all the faculties and slowing of the movements of the body. A precisely similar condition occurs in many cases where the thyroid gland d has been rese. Myxedema is very . moved for disease slow in its progress, but undoubtedly tends to shorten life. It greatly resembles cretinism, except that the mental condition is much less affected, and that the deformities resulting from arrested development are not present. YM anted tasrone to toldalba, (al drain) AICYM bred) beortodont no shaving bar owenbizivibaba aji to šuo daw ( torto qoq calitbope 2018 viεπείχς ΠA εί σtobym 000,000,0 moda 20 odai bobivib ai qoob bas to slida enotion owa ) 10 000 ,, 01 unit ( aqua) akon odai betisvnos item nood even bue od risauga sebast bathnika no N, n, the 14th letter and the 11th consonant in the English alphabet. It is a dental nasal, and is formed by placing the tip of the tongue against or close to the root of the upper teeth, and emitting a voiced sound through the nose. Its ordinary sound is that heard in not, ton, done, etc., but before gutturals, as g or k, it has a guttural nasal sound, almost equivalent to ng, as in sink, link, finger, sing, song, etc. When, however, the gutturals belong to a different syllable the n generally retains its ordinary sound, as in congratulate, engage, engine, etc. N final after m is silent, as in autumn, hymn, condemn, etc. When preceded by g, k, m, and p at the beginning of a word, the n alone is sounded, as in gnaw, aw, know, mnemonics, pneumatic, etc. S is always sounded before initial n, as in snow.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's in 1921 could describe myxedema precisely — the swollen, expressionless face, the slowed movements, the resemblance to cretinism — and it correctly linked the condition to removal or disease of the thyroid, but it offered the reader no treatment and warned that the disease "undoubtedly tends to shorten life." In fact George Murray had already shown in 1891 that injected sheep-thyroid extract reversed the illness; today a daily levothyroxine tablet does the same, and the deficiency is detected by measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone in the blood, a test that became routine from the 1970s. The commonest cause in iodine-sufficient countries is now known to be autoimmune attack on the gland, the condition Hashimoto described in 1912. The word "myxedema" has correspondingly shrunk in use: doctors now speak of hypothyroidism, and reserve myxedema for the severe untreated state, including the emergency once called myxedema coma.
Written for this edition, 2026.