Nevada (State in the Western Division)

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

a State in the Western Division of the North American Union; bounded by Oregon, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, and California; admitted to the Union, Oct. 31, 1864; counties, 17; capital, Carson City; area, 107,740 square miles; pop. (1890) 45,761; (1900) 42,335; (1910) 81,875; (1920) 77,407. Topography. The State is situated in the Great American Basin, having for its boundaries the Sierra Nevada Mountains on the W., the Wahsatch Mountains on the E., and cross ranges on the N. and S. It is a table-land 4,000 to 8,000 feet above sea-level. The State is crossed by a series of parallel mountain ranges with a general N. and S. direction. The principal chains are the Virginia Mountains, the Truckee Mountains, Antelope, East Humboldt, Toyabe and Santa Rosa Mountains. Between these mountains are deep valleys; the Colorado valley having numerous abrupt ranges, and peaks rising above its plateaus. The most important ranges of the Colorado region are the Muddy, Vegas, Spring Mountain, and Kingston Mountains. There are numerous lakes, the rivers having no outlet over the mountains. The largest lakes include Winnemucca, Und, and Pyramid lakes in the extreme W., Carson Lake and Humboldt and Carson Sink, E. of the W. Humboldt Mountains, and Eagle, Franklin, and Ruby lakes in the brilliant colors, such as red, yellow, blue, N. E. The Humboldt river crosses the N. part of the State and empties into Humboldt Lake. The Truckee river rises in Tahoe Lake, and flows S. into Pyramid Lake. Other important rivers are the Rio Virgin, Carson, Quinn's river, Reese river, and the Colorado river, which forms a large part of the S. E. boundary. Geology. The mountains of Nevada show formations of nearly every epoch, from the Azoic to the late Jurassic. The volcanic nature of the State is shown by the ancient and modern eruptive rocks, and by the lava beds of the N. W. The mountain ranges are in places composed entirely of limestone, in others of granite, syenite, porphyry, slate, or quartzite. Mineralogy. Nevada is rich in minerals, though, excepting silver and gold, they have been worked but little. The Comstock silver lode, discovered in 1859, was for years the most valuable in the world. Important new discoveries of gold and silver mines were made in 1910 and in the following years. This resulted in a greatly increased production of these minerals of the State. The copper production has also greatly increased in recent years. The gold production in 1918 was 322,776 fine ounces, valued at $6,662,000. In the same year there were produced 10,113,405 fine ounces of silver, valued at $10,113,405. Copper production in 1918 was 106,266- 603 pounds. Nevada ranks fourth among the States in the production of this metal. There is also a considerable production of lead. Other minerals mined included tungsten, antimony, platinum, zinc, cinnabar, tin tin , manganese, plumbago, nickel, cobalt, and iron. Beds of sulphur, gypsum, rock salt, borax, s saltpeter, and nd carbonate of soda are extensive. The building stones include limestone, granite, slate, sandstone, agate, and marble. Amethysts, carnelians, and tourmalines are also found. Soil and Productions. With the exceptions of the river valleys there is scarcely any arable land in the State. The valleys and basins however are well watered and adapted to agricultural pursuits, and under proper irrigation considerable mountain land has been made productive. The principal crops are hay, wheat, oats, and barley. The figures for agricultural production in 1919 were as follows: oats, 384,000 bushels, valued at $384,000; barley, 420,000 bushels, valued at $630,000; wheat, 668,000 bushels, valued at $1,429,000; hay, 526,- 000 tons, valued at $10,310,000; potatoes, 900,000 bushels, valued at $1,350,000. The forest trees are chiefly pines, firs, and spruces, of great size. The foothills D117° 118° C -1190 B 120° A R N E Twin Pha Hot L Goose Disaster Ph Raven Cr Kings Riu Val. Kings Washburn Cr Mud L. X Lake Owyhee R Alkali L. R Lit. New Year L North Fk. Upper Quinn Riv Ashdown Quinn R. Lake Rebel Creek it. Humb Massacre L Alkali L. West Los سلا boldt Summit L Paradise 1 Middle Central L High Rock C Valley Quinn R. ANTELOPE RA. Lake BLACK ROCK RANGE Amos/ Hot Spring Ph Desert Humboldt R. HOT SPRING RA Kelley O Lower 0 Lake Willowpoint • Hausen GRANITE RANGE M Nortos Black OLD Division HAM Butte B Madeline Mt.Fox Pk 41 Winnemucca H Golconda Humboldt Dry Alkali L Sonoma Pk. Iron Pt Granite C Des. Buffalo Mew Buffalo Fungou Sulphur SO SONO Grass A Meadows Deepholer ☑ Rosebud o Haystack Tungst Atle Adelaide Battle Wester Mill Marsh Cr: Desert City Sheean Ranch Valley ய் Humboldto Imlay Valley Roop MTN.R. Gold Ban 3 Salt Mar Farrell Seven Smoke Galenia R 2 Mud Lake > Vernon Rye P Rye Patch Unionville Kenne Granite Spring -Pleasant Valley Honey Pahrum PW P ERAS H N G Alkali L Humboldt Sheepshead TRINITY Lake Oreana Granite NIGHTINGALE MTS. PYRAMID LAKE Amedee 7 Pk. Reese Rochester Rackard INDIAN RESERVATION Lovelocks W пetиcca Lone Pk. Flat 70 e L Pyramid The Swamp 40 I Lake L Humboldt LANDER Dewey Whiteplains Salt Works MT.AIRY RA Humboldt Pyramido R. Carson: Sink Salt Marsh O Zelda Plumas Jc. Francis MTS. Leete Reese Olinghousey adsworth Boyer Ber Verfli Reno Sparks WOHURCHILL Vista CLAN ALPINE Newpas Tomickee R Hazen STaCity Saint Hill Stillwater Lestville Fallon -Mt.Airy 3 SILVER Alpine Fleish MTS Steamboat Clair Dry L. K Gold Silver Cy. Fort Washoe ton Churchill DESATOYA Franktov Dayton Carson L. LYON Reese R Tahoe CARSON Em 1 Walker Empire CITY ORMSBY Wabuska Eaglevilleo Miniums 111 MTS. SHOSHONE MTS. Lake Tahoe Glenbrook Mt. Como Alkali Flat Rawhideo Midas c २ Gedos DOUGLAS 39 ALKER RIV. RA. Walker Yerington Schurz Alkali Flat Mt.Anna ~Minden Gardnerville Sherman Pk. 0 Sheridans East fordyke Berlin Bald Pk.w TOIYABE Smith est Wellingto Big Smoky Valley Walker Holbrook Walker Lake Markleeville Pinegrove ✓ Sweetwater Hawthorne Motelle Klondike 4 O Luning ノミ MINER Alina Sodaville Fletcher Douglas گار • Rhodes Bridgeport EXCELSIOR MTS, Golfield J٥٠ Mt.Braley Frenchys MONTE CHRISTO Y Columbia J O Belleville Bodie • McLean Candelaria MTS Columbus Salt Marsh • Alpine McSweeny Mono Lake Coaldale 38 ச ESMERALDA C Ashland Klondike Wells White Mtn. Pk. Mono Mills Silverpeaks SILVER PEAK, MTS Sugar Loaf Pk. Benton Columbia -Dyer Goldfield Palmetto Oasis Mariposa 5 Bishop Lida GRAPE VINE MTS Gold Mt. Raymond Head of Death Valley Owens Berendo Pollasky 37 P.. Collis Fresno Independence San N Redlands Joaquin R. 6 Keeler Owens Lake Visalia I 36 Mohave NEVADA Johannesburg SCALE OF STATUTE MILES 100 Mohave R. 80 70 90 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 7 SCALE OF KILOMETERS 140 160 Barstow 80 100 120 60 40 20 0 Railroads County Towns D Longitude 118° C 119° B 100° 1921 114° H G 115° F 116° E H I Sugar Louf Bear Mtn Owyhee Hat ML. INDIAN RES Rowland San Jacint Owyhee O'Neil Contact Whiterock City Bruneau Gold South Fk Owyfee Morlan White Pks Edgemont Creek Lake Cr. Round Top Chino Charleston Columbia Spring Thousand Cr illigan Cr SS North Fork Umbria Jc. Mee R Haystack Pk. North TUSCARORAMTS Lucin Anderson NDEPENDENCE MTS. Tecoma Fairlawn Rock Cr. Fk. Mt: Blitzen Antelop H Sprs Tuscarora Marys Humbold Beaver Hammel CINDEPENDENCE Cobre Spr EAST HUMBOLDT Independence Vul. 0 Pilot Pk. Independence Wells Deeth K 41 Ranch F L Monument Pk. TOAND RANGE Val AA Halleck wi House Elko West Pka Wood Ft. Halleck M.R. Flowery Great Snow Waters Veighto Arthur Co 7 er L MTS Lamoille Battle Shoshone Pt Spruce Mt Carlin Blaine Sonth GOSHUTE Humboldt Nelson Cr. Salt Lake 2 R Falisade Spruce Mountain Beowawe Lee RUBY MTS Schley Hylton Raby Valley Bullión Lewis Dean Sugarlog Pk Pine Fk CORTEZ MTS Franklin Desert Jc. O'Harai P Huntington Hayranch Boont Sprs Mi.Taylor ANTELOPERA S Ruby L A Dr Bed Mineral Hik Cavecreel Deep Cr. Val Cosiate L 40 Cortez Hobson Alkali • Tippett BUTTE MTS. Birch Cherry Creek Antelope AMON DE Desert Tonkin Butte Valley Duck Cr. Coldcreek Valley SIMPSON PARK Pleasant Romano Schell- Valley bourne KERN MTS EUREK Strawberry Spencer E Aurum Alkali Flat Steptoe MTS 3 WHITEPINE Eureka Austin Kent Ruby Hillo/ Smelter Prospect RA. Illipah Dry Valley Hamilton Ruth Smoky Valley Cleveland EGAB WHITE PINE. Ely Spring Val. SHELL CREEK ELMAいい!Steptoe Cr Wilson MTS. Osceola 39 Sta. Potts T RANGE NAK TOQUIMA RANGE Barnes Preston RANGE Shoshone ♡ Little Dudkwater سے Lund اگر کرد HOT CREEK RANGE Currant White Riveral OUINN CANYON MTS GRANTRA. Monument ANCAKE Whiterivel 0 Geyser Canyon Morey MONITOR vai Shushone Pk. White Patterson Belmont Lake Dack Val. Sunnyside ९ σ Hotcreek ailroad CEDAR RA ELY RA دا E Y Ra Newlund DEN GATE RA PAH ROC RANGE Sharp REVEILLE RANGE Revcille Tonopah Pioche Ursine Jc KAWICHRANGE Freiburg Revellle Val Fay Penoyer Val Panaca RA Dry Lake Mud L. Mua L 100 SILVER CANYON MTS. Escal iamondfield Dry L. Yeacham Uvada. HYKO Crestline Caliente Minto TIMPAHUTE RA Etna Acoma Delamar Hiko Ralston ORANGE Barclay Stine Cana Boyd Desert N VALLEY RA N IT C Kyle MORMON RANGE St.George ARROW CANYON HO Carpo MEADOW MTS. BELTED RA DESERT MTS. Forty Mile Vigo Galt Rhyolite Canyon GOLD HILLS SR Mesquite Beatty VEGAS RANGE Lake Drylake Hoya Bunkerville Gold Center Amargosa Amargosa Desert Bull Frog arg Moapo VIRGIN RA TELESCOPE MOAPA RIV IND. RES! Johnnie Logan 7 Overton O Ute 100% R Sand Hill Pk. A AND FUNERAL St. Thomas Garnet Virgin Pahrump Apex SPRING MT. RA Valley Pahrum DEATH Las Vegas MTS. Manse Valley Ripley Goodsprings Canyon Colorado Arde VALLEY Bárd ORADO アス Desert Lookout Pk. Jean Eldorado A Roach Canyon Calada EL D'O South Clarks Pk. Sugar Loaf Pk. Quartette Ivanpaho Searchlight Leastalk o NEWBERRY Manvelo A MTS G 115.0 116° Greenwich F from 117 ° West E Photo, Brown & Dawson THE CANON BELOW TOWER FALLS, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Enc. Vol. 6-p. 420 Photo by Mile High Photo. Corp. BLUEBIRD LAKE, ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK, COLORADO are covered with mountain mahogany, year brought of willow, beech, cottonwood, covery dwarf cedar, wil and wild cherry. Apple, peach, pear, and growth. plum trees flourish and bear excellent fruit. Stock raising and dairy farming are leading industries. Manufactures. The State has not been along manufacturing lines to developed alo any considerable extent. There were, in 1914, 180 manufacturing establishments, employing about 3,655 wage earners. The capital invested amounted to $13,591,000 and the wages paid to $3,578,000. The value of the materials used was $9,317,000 and the value of the finished product amounted to $16,083,000. The principal articles of manufacture include railroad and several cars, dairy products, flour and grist, institutions. printed material, saddlery and harness, portant iron clothing, chemicals, boots and shoes, brick industry. and tile, wagons and carriages, confer- works, fl tionery, lumber and timber products, and salt. Banking. On Oct. 31, 1919, there were ten National banks in operation, having $1,435,000 in capital, $1,583,379 in outstanding circulation, and $1,216,510 in United States bonds. There were also umes in the libra 23 State banks, with $1,678,000 in capital and $401,000 surplus. Education. There was a school population in 1918 of 14,441 and an average daily attendance of 11,014. The total expenditures for educational purposes amounted to $504,474. For higher education there were public high schools at Austin, Carson City, Elko, Eureka, Gold Hill, Reno, and Virginia City, and the State University of Nevada at Reno. Churches. The strongest denominations in the State are the Roman Catholic; Protestant Episcopal; Mormons; Methodist Episcopal; and Presbyterian. Finances. The total receipts for the fiscal year 1919 amounted to $2,174,188 and the disbursements to $2,245,764. The largest expenditures were for schools, Fo highways and administration. The State mar debt amounts to about $717,000. Transportation. The total railway mileage in 1919 was 2,483. The roads having the longest mileage were the Southern Pacific and the Western Pacific. State Government. The governor is elected for a term of four years. Legislative sessions are held biennially. The Legislature had 17 members in the Senate and 37 members in the House. There is one Representative in Congress. History. Nevada is part of the territory acquired by the United States from Mexico, by the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The first immigrants were the Mormons, who located in the Carson and Washoe valleys in 1848. The discovery of gold in California in the following more settlers, and the dissilver still added to Nevada's growth. It was organized as a Territory March 2, 1861, and admitted to the Union in 1864. In 1866 its area was increased to the present size by by the addition of parts of Arizona and Utah.