New Brunswick (Province of the Dominion)

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

a Province of the Dominion of Canada, on the E. coast of North America; bounded W. by the State of Maine; N. W. by the Province of Quebec; N. by Chaleur Bay; E. by the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Northumberland Strait, the latter separating it from Prince Edward Island; and S. by the Bay of Fundy and part of Nova Scotia; area, 27,985 square miles; pop. 27995 (1916) 351,889. The coast line is interrupted only at the point of junction with Nova Scotia, where an isthmus of not more than 14 miles in breadth connects the two territories, and separates Northumberland Strait from the Bay of Fundy. The general surface of the country is level, but hilly in the N. W. The principal rivers are the St. John, 450 miles in length, and navigable for vessels of 100 tons to Fredericton, 90 miles from its entrance into the Bay of Fundy; and the Miramichi, 225 miles in length, which falls into the bay of the same name, and is navigable for large vessels 25 miles from the gulf. There are a number of lakes, the largest, Grand Lake, being 25 miles long by about 5 miles broad. Coal is plentiful, and iron ore abundant; the former is said to extend over 10,000 square miles or above one-third of the whole area. The climate, like that of other portions of Canada, is subject to extremes of heat and cold, but is, on the whole, healthful. After agriculture, lumbering and fishing are the main occupations of the inhabitants, though many are engaged in mining and manufacturing. A very large portion of the soil is adapted for agriculture, but only a small part is developed. Cereals are largely grown and the fruit industry is important. Great attention is given to the improvement of live stock. The production of the principal crops in 1918 was: wheat, 1,050,000 bushels; oats, 7,855,000 bushels; buckwheat, 1,793,000 bushels. New Brunswick is one of the most amply wooded countries in the world, and the forests supply three-fourths of the total exports. The fisheries are very valuable. In 1918. they yielded over $6,300,000. The minerals exported include coal, gypsum, antimony ore, copper ore, manganese, plumbago, and unwrought stone. Manufactures. In 1917 there were 1,423 establishments, with a capital of $65,539,370, 18,668 employees, and a product valued at $62,417,466. There were 255 lumber mills with a product valued at $14,426,922. The Province is divided into 15 counties, and is administered by a lieutenant-governor, an executive council con- Flatland DB06° EE 68° New MillsHALEUR Grand A C 69° B C Dalhousie New Carlisle Bonaventure atapedia Roldney o alhousie Campbellton ver Belledine o Glenco Jo Bonaventura Pt Black Point Charlo Viger Gr Kedgwick R. • St. Cyprien Shives Jacquet Belledune Brook Summit Pokeshaw Pt. 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