New Guinea

2 of the 7 encyclopedias on this shelf carry an entry for New Guinea. Both are reproduced below, so you can see where they agree and where they differ.

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

2026 Editor's Note: This page uses language about race that was commonplace when the book was published and is offensive by today's standards. The text has been left exactly as it was printed, rather than cut or softened, so that the historical record — including how ordinary such language once was — is preserved. (Ed: ET 2026-07-22) or PAPUA, a large island in Australasia, next to Australia and Greenland the largest on the globe; area, about 312,000 square miles; length about 1,500 miles, breadth from 200 to 400. It is separated from Australia on the S. by Torres Strait, and from the Moluccas on the W. by Gilolo Passage. The coasts are for the most part lofty, with mountains coming close to the sea, but in the neighborhood of Torres Strait the shore presents the appearance of a marshy flat covered with dense forests. In the interior there are still loftier mountains, covered with perpetual snow and volcanoes. In the S. E. end Mount Owen Stanley rises to the height of 13,- 205 feet; farther W. and near the N. coast Mount Schopenhauer reaches 20.- 000 feet. The island is rich in tropical products, possesses a copious and peculiar flora and fauna (birds of paradise being especially numerous and gorgeous), and is suitable for tropical agriculture. The coast is miasmatic in many places; the mountainous interior is reported healthier. On the W. coast there are numerous Malay settlements, but the bulk of the inhabitants are Papuans, a race resembling the negroes of Guinea. Some are disposed to be friendly, others are fierce and intractable. The discovery of New Guinea was made by the Portuguese early in the 16th century, but little was known of it till recently. The naturalists were the first to make incursions into its interior, and among these A. R. Wallace, who visited it in 1858, was the pioneer. The missionaries came next, and mission stations have been formed by Germans D B 73° C A R. Richelieu or Sorel County Towns 40 50 60 30 20 10 5 Alburg Sprs. E Missisquoi B E.Frankli E. Rich E Bay for 45 Memphremagog Perby Derby Beebe De W/Berkshire Rich Line Stevens Mills N.Troy Franklin Richford Plain Highgate Sprs. Highgate Cen. E. Highgate-Franklin Pd... E. Berkshire Wind Mill P Berkshire Franklin. Enosburg Montgomery Westfield Newport West Derby Jay Newporto HOG Enosburg Fa Center Alburg Cen. So. Fra ON Enbsburg Salem Morgan Lagrange Swanton Joneldon Sprs. Sheldon Troy Phelps Swanton Highgate R Jay Pk. Pd. Falls Sheldon W.Charleston Missiequoi Barton R Jo. Sheldon E. CoventryEcho I.La Motte Lakeview P Coventry م Ho. Greens Cors. Fairfield W. Enosburg E.Enosburg Montgomery Brownington I.LA MOTT BUTLERS FRANKLIN Conter Mts. 2 Brownington Cen. North Hero Albane St. Albans Fairfield Bakersfield Lowello C Lowell B Co Orleans Evansville W K Trasburg- Alb. Black POTTERS Belvidere Cors O East Fairfield σ Barton N.Fairfax Belvidere Cen. bany Cen W. Glover Belvidereo Eden Mills Albany Georgia Plain Georgia Buck Hollow Lamoille Cambridge AMOUR Crystal L Round Mt. E Parker E. Fletchero North Pala Pd. El Albany S Grand Isle O Pay Glover Diw.Georgia Georgia Willoughby Waterville Fletcher S. Albany Cambridge Jo. South Pd GRAND SAVAGE 1. E. Cambridge Fairfax N.Craftsbury S.Glover Johnson N.Hyde Park Branch Plattsburg South Hero R. Jeffersonville E.Craftsbur Milton ISLE Craftsbury Sheffield W.Milton VALCOUR, 1.10 Westford Long Pd. N. Woleott N.Underhill Hyde Park Brookside o Caspian L Greensboro Wheelock Mallett's B. Cadys Falls Colchester Pleasant Valley Greensboro S. Wheelock GARDEN 1. P Morrisville Wolcott Bend Colchester PtUSE Morristown Underbill Mt. Elmore, EHard wick Stannard Lyndon Riverside Mansfield/Mt. Mansfield Pa Wincoski Essex, N. Walden رم 3 Jericho Underhill Center Hard wick Essex Jc. Walden. E. Elmore Burlington Falls O Buck Pd St.Johnsbury R o Jericho Cen. Stowe Hog Back Long Pa. Moscow S.Walden N. Williston St.Johnsbury Worcester Mt Woodbury E. Long Pd. Danville Queen y Park W.Bolton St.Geo Williston Richmond S. Woodbury Mt. Cabot St Johnsburyew Waterbury ge CHITTENDEN Centero N. Calaiso Lower Harvey Passumpsid Jonesville Boone Mt. Worcester Calais E.Calais Cabot S.Danville Shelburne Bolton/ Duxbury Putnamville Marshfield S.Calvet E. Peacham Waterbury L Huntington Winooski Cedar Benchatte R.o Nigger Peacham E. Hinesburg Middlesex N.Montpelier Lanesboro Bd. S. Peachama Charlotte Huntington Cen. W.Barnet Cr Barnet Thompsons Pt. Monkton Ridge Hanksville/ E. Montpelier Plainfield Moretown Groton Pond McIndoe Falls R. Ferrisburg o Monkton Ricker Mills MONTPELIER N.Fayston Berlin Berlin Barre Plainfield/Sprs. Groton Ryegate Ferrisburg Starksboro Wells-R S.Starksboro Waitsfield S.Ryegate S.Barre E.Barre Vergennes Basin Ha Mt.Pleasant 4 Northfield. Northfield Falls Graniteville Websterville Topsham Newbury Wells Boltonville -Orange Waltham Bristol Panton New Haven W.Lincoln E. Warren Ceno River O E.Orange Waits R S.Northfield Williams-Washington W.Topsham New Haven, Lincoln Waren Addison Waits Riv. Newbury Roxbury/ Mills town -९ Brooksville S. Lincoln Sugar Loaf W.Newbury W.Addison Q E Roxbury W.Corinth E.Corinth S. Newbury Beldens Weybridge Cobbs Hill Brookfield E. Granville ORANCorinth Grford E Chimney Pt. W.Brookfield Brookfield Chelsea Vershire Middlebury Bridport 44 Bradford S.Corinth ADDISONganvill E. Braintree Granville Braintree Cornwall E.Middlebury Ripton Bread Loaf Fairlee Cen E. Randolph Lake W. Bridport Copperfield Randolph Cen. Dunmore Hancock W.Fairlee Fairlee Orford Second Randolph Hogback Mt. Salisbury Shoreham L. Dunmore White N.Tunbridge Fairlee L. R. Whitings E.Bethel Tunbridge Post Mills S.Fairlee Richville Leicester Rochester Robinson S.Tunbridge N.Thetford E Shoreham Leicester Jo Strafford Thetfordo 5 N.Orwell Forest Dale Emersons S.Strafford Bethel Lyme netford Orwell R S. Royalton Shipmans Pt. Sudbury Brandon ExThetford Royalton L. Lyme Cen Pittsfield Union Village Hortonia L. Holden George Sharon W. Norwich Gaysville Stockbridge Fowler Chittenden Sable Mt. Martins Pa Pompanoosuc E. Barnard. Hanover Center Norwich Hortonville Pittaford Pittsford Mills: Sherburner Barnard N Pomfret W Benson Landing Hanover o Hubbardton vero Etna Benson Pomfret E Pittsford Moose Mt. Bomoseen • Sherpurne W. Woodstock Woodstock Proctor Wilder Jd. Lebanon Enfield ✓ S.Pomfret Hartforda Rutland Quechee White RW.Lebanon leton LBomoseen Mascoma W.Castleton 46 NDBriggs KW. Bridgewater Castleton R. Fair Have aven Taftsville Rutland Hydeville Castleton West Montcalm Bridgewater Cors. Poultney Bridgewater D R Connecticut E. Plainfield Rutland Clarendon Evarks Four East Meriden Grafton Ira E. Clarendon Plymouthoo S. Woodstock Corners Poultney Poulthey Op Union Plymouth Hartland Plainfield Clarendon Clarendon Shrewsbury Sprs. Middletown S. Poultuey Sor N.Grantham w. Windsor Pawlet Reading o Cuttingsville W Cornish 6 nish Flat Wallingford Tyson Windsor St. Catharine Middletown Brownsville E. Wallingford Grantham S. Reading Cornish Croydon L. Tinmouth Mt.Holly Cen Georges Mills Felchville Wallingford Heald ville Par Wells R Ascutney Moosehorn Cavendish Wear Mt. Amsdend Ascutney S. Wallingford W.Claremont Newpor Mt Mechanicsville Ludlow fieldVaremont Kelley - Newport N. Pawlet Four sher ville Maremont Guild sville Perkinsville Proctorsvill Corners JoJo Sugar R. O Griffith Gen Mt.Tabor Pawlet Dauby Mt. Tabor ville Mt. Sunapee WPawlet Gassetts N.Charlestown N.Springfield Newbury Weston Springfield Quaker City Unity Mill Villare N. Dorset E. Unity N. Chester Andover E. Rupert Landgrove Rupert est Chester Depot Simonsville Chester W.Rupert E. Dorset Goshen Dorset Londonderry Masters Mt. Lempster Salem To S. Dorset Charlestown Houghtonville Bartons- Peru E.o Acworth Acworth E. Lempster 15.London- N. Windham ville ய Bear Mt. Manchester Cen. Winhall S.Acworth Grafton derry Washington S.Charlestown Manchester Dep. Sandgate Windham Rockingham Millen Paof S. Windham Cambridgeport O 7 Batten Kill Bondville Langdon - Marlow Hill Manchester Rawsonville O Alstead W Artington Saxtons Riv. Marlow Townshe w Bellows Falls Drews Alstead Cels ashend Westminster E. Alstead Jamaica Sta B Stacy Pd R. Ashuelot Stoddard Arlington Sunderland ESJamaica Walpole Gilsum Arlington WINDCHAM Stratton S.Stoddard o West Westminster E. Putney Westmoreland Wardsboro W. Wardsboro Sullivan West Mt. 2 West Center Brookline Depot Surry Shaftsbury C S. Wardsboro Nelson 43 E Dover Newfane Putney G E. Westmoreland E.Sullivan Glastonbury Williamsville Parkhill 8.Shaftsbury Otter Somerset Z S. Newfane Westmoreland Harrisville Duminerston W. Dover N. Bennington Wares Ferry Chesham Dover W. Dummerston Dummerston Keene E Bald Mt. Searsburg Marboro Monadnocko Filmington W.Chesterfield CHESHIRE Bennington Woodford 0 Chesterfield W. Swanzer Swanz Mariboro Depot Marlboro Mt. Mt. Jacksonville Prospect OE Swanzey Jaffrey Troy Brattleboro Mt.Pisgah Anthony Heartwellville Ashuelot 8 Hoosio ON.Pownal Guildford Rendsboro Falls Davis Bridge Monadnock Westport Hinsdale Mt Cen. Pownal Center N. Richmond Whitinghain Halifax Pownal Ashuelat Winchester W.Rindgeo Rendsboro Stamfordo Vernon Richmond Fitzwilliam Grove R S. Vernon Dep. Deerfield Green SACHUS S MA R H 71° J G F ビ 72° Mt. Rrospect Dard La Perry Stream Indian Stream Hall's Stream Second L Parmacheenee L Connecticut Lake Kennebago L. Railroads Connecticut Le Rosebuck Mt. Back L Pittsburg Magalloway Mt. way Mayalloway Connecticut Mt.Pisgah Clarksville Gt. Averill Beecher Falls W. Stewartstown Line Holland P.Pd. Canaan Diamond L. Wallispond Holland Norton Mills Rangeley angel L. Mt.John Granite Crystal Mts. Colebrook stown Averill R Mooseluconeguntic Mt Norton Pd. Factoryville A Mt.Black Kidderville Morgan Cen. Black Lemington Diamond R. Seymour Molechunkemunk North Dixuilte Pa. Pd. Mohawk R Wentworths L Notch E. Charleston Location X Br Ocolumbia Sim's Str Dixville Columbia Island Pond Akers Pa Cocoggin R Bloomfield S Millsfield Rehardson L. Nullhedon Umbagog ROS Columbia Westmore Willoughby Haystack Andro Coos Sugar Loaf Mt. Z Whitcomb Mt. Newark Bull Mt. Stratford Mt. Lakeside Brunswick Dummer Seneca Mt. Maidstone Stratford Long Mt. W.Burke Christine L East Haven Maillstone L. Percy Grafton Sutton monposuc W. Milan Burke E.Haven Mt. Sable M Groveton Stark E.Burke Guildhall Milan Chicwalnepu Mt. Granny Gallup Mills Northumberland Milan Umpire Mt. Cow Mt. Lost Nation Deer Mt. Lyndonville Newry Hills Cen. Lyndon Concor Pa R. R South C Victory Neales Ingalls Mt. Lancasterpk. Berling Berlin Mills Cord Lunenburg E Concord E Kirby Moose S.Lancaster Mt.Starr King Cascade? Mt.Hayes Center Concord B. Gorham Androscoggin Lunenburg Riverton Easto Shethirne Scott Jefferson Starrking W.Concord Miles Pond • Randolph Bethel Fitzdale . Waterford John Jeffersor Highlang Bowrian Dalton Mt.Winthrop Meadows Israe Lower Moose Mt. Adams Bald Mt. Concord Whitefieldo wer Waterford Waterford N. Littleton Owls Hd. Highlands Mt.Jefferson Mt. Moriah E Cherry Mt.WHI Alderbrook Barnet Albany PIM Littleton Bethlehem Glen Ho N. Monroe Partridge Apthorp Hollow Carroll Mt. Washington Twin Mountain Mt. Washington Carter-Dome Lyman Pd. Bethlehemo H N.Lisbono t.Baloface Pierce Bridge Fabyan House Mt. Monroe Mt.Franklin Monroe Black Mts. Bretton Woods Upper Kezar Franconia Lisbon Mt. Lafayette Crawford Ho. Mt. Jackson Spruce Chatham Pd. Sugar Hill Mt. E.Rylegate Lovell Mt.Guyot Mt. Jackson Chatham Profile House Webster Giants Batho M TS. The Twine Staiks Lower Woodsville Easton Mt.Kinsman Mt.Bond Thoreau Bartlett Mt.Lincoln S.Chatham Falls Swift Water Bemis Flume R N.Haverhill Dansville House Saco Kearsarge Mt. Livermore Intervale Johnson Lincoln Hitchcock Greenhill Bartlett Benton Haverhill Cen. Long N.Conway Black Mt.Huntington Moose Pike Sugar Loaf N. Woodstockoo Fairview Mt. Pi Pond Redstone Table Mt. E.Haverhill Pond Fryeburg Haverhill R. Genten Conway Swift Piermont Parleton Mt. Osceola Passaconaway Woodstock Walkers Mt.Passaconaway Ion Saco R. Conway Pond Warren Summit Breezy Pt. Waterville Mt. Mt.Paugus FTONM Eastman R Snowville Warren W.Thornton Madison --Wonalancet Chocorua Pd. Eator Mad Baker Pda. Thornton Center Silver Black Mt Chocorua Orford ville A Lake Whiteface Tamworth Ellswortho E.Madison Wentworth Stinson Pd. Silver L. Campton Baldwin Whittier Stinson Lake W.Campton Freedom N.Sandwich LGt. Ossipee R. Ossipe L Center W.Rumneyo Ossipe S.Tamworth Sandwich Red Hill Pd. Ossiped Val N.Dorchester, Rumney Cheever Rumney Baker Quincy Mt.Prospect Effingham Falls Sandwich Center Ossipee Dep. Eftingham Moultonboro R Holderness Squam L. Moultonvilleo R Dorchester Water Vil. (Granite Effingham Cen N.Groton Plymouth ftonborb A Melvin Vil. te. Eflingham Ossipee Lit Groton Goose Pd Squam E. Hebron Merrima Leighton Province Pl. Canaan Ashland-- d E. Canaan Hebron ED Center Harbor Long Island Ossipee Cors Province Lake Lit. 60 Winona ON. Wolfeboro Woodman New Found Bear Island Cen. Tuftonboro Orange Meredith L. ২০ Mirrof Lake Wolfeboro Cen. Wakefield Bridgewater Meredith W.Canaan New Hampton & Cen. Winnepesaukee Wolfeboror Wo Alexandria CE. Wakefield Marcoma D. E.Wolfeboro Gt. E. Pond The Weird Wolfeboro Falls H Wakefield Square Pd. Enfield Cen. Bristol S. Wolfeboro Sanbornville Lakeport E. Grafton HorLS Mils Center Lake Brookfield Winnisqudm Gilford West Alton, Lovells Pd. Smiths Periwig N.Sanborntono Grafton Mousam Pd. S. Wakefield Lake ハハハへ Springfield eld Danbury Mt. Laconia Hill Sanbornton Union Milton Mills Alton Bay E.Tilton Winnisquam O W.Springfield E.Springfield S.Danbury ry Webster BELKNAP Merrymeeting L. Middleton Alfred Wilmot W. E. Andover Teneriffe Mt. 6 Elkins Andover Franklina Alton Tilton Belmont New Durham N. East Pd. Franklin Gilmanton Gilmanton Lit. Sunapee Andover Milton New London Potters Place W.Milton Sunapee lon Wilmot W.Salisbury Uplandso LowerIron Works Sexton Falls Burkehaven N.Sutton N. Rochester Sinapee L Flat Farmingtochester Gilmanton Northfield Salisbury N.Barnstead Places Dep. Shaker VII. Cen. Barnsteadd N.Strafford Gerrish O E. Rochester Works R Black Mt. Sutton S.Sutton Canterbury Dep. Canterbury Barnstead MERRIMACKS. Barnatetrafford S.Newbury 9 Cor. Yebs Oscaven O Waterloo o Loudon Pittsfield Can. Strafford Somersworth Robys Cor. Bradfordvin Mills Contoocook Mastyard W.Concord Warner Gonic Cocheco Salmon, Falls N.Chichester Bradford Falls Bow D. Nippo Warner B. E.Concord Northwood Chichester Gossville Narrows Gt. Barrington E. Barrington argows Strafford ( Bra Penacook. Suncook Bradford Cen. Northwood ngton Knights-H!!! W. Hopkinton CONCORD Epsom Ridge Dover Short Falls Northwood Hopkinton Henniker N.Nottingham Pembroke Allenstown W.Nottingham Madbury W.Henniker N. Dunbarton Bow Mills Hillsboro Ceno Deerfield Leavitts Hill Deerfield Cen. Bow o Suncook Lee Hillsboroo Hillsboro N. Weare Upper Vil. Nottingham Wadler Falls Lower Hillsboro Dunbarton Pawtuckamay Highlands Vil. Yard Merrimac S. Deerfield Pa S.Le Weare Hookset N. Branch New Castle Weare Candia Vil E. Candia New Market Great Portsmouth Goffstown E. Deering W.Deering Grasmere in Hedding Rockington Greenland Candia o Deering W.Epping Rve North Beach Antrim S. Weare O Epping Newfields) Stratham Greenland Rye Raymond Munsonville Francestown Auburn Amoskeng Dop Bennington N.Hampton Rye Beach" PHK BLIS BORO Manchester Fremont Atwood Exeter R Exeter Londonderr Sandown Danville KiHampton Elmwood Chester Hanepek ROCKINGHAM Lit. Boars Head New Boston Bedford E - Harrisville Greenfield N.Lyndeboro TLANT Kensington Hampton W Reeds Ferry Mont Vernon Dublin Kingston ngston Peterboro Hampton Falls Derry Hampstead Smithtown brooke E. Derry OS. Lyndeboro Merrimack Peterboro Newton Thor. Wilton Center Litchfield Hubbard Wilton Amhersto A Thorndike Windham Dep. N.Salem Plaistow Thorntons West Temple o Merrimac Ferry Windham Westville tkinson Milford Po Ponemah Windham Canobie Lake on Newburyport R S. Merrimack Fitzwilliam Pratts Greenvillc QHudson Cen. Nashua Hudson PLUM Salem New Ipswich C Hoverhi Mason Rindge o E.Rindge Hollis o Nashua R Bank Vil. Hollis Pelham Brookline Stateline Smithvil Dep. Lawrence E A on the N. E. coast, and by the London Missionary Society at various points on the S. E. coast. Germany and the Australian colonies also began to take an interest in New Guinea, and the latter urged the home government to annex the E. port of the island, the W. portion having long been recognized as Dutch. At length the delimitation and division of the island between Great Britain, Germany and Holland was settled in 1885. That part of the island lying W. of the 141st meridian was assigned to Holland, and comprises 151,789 square miles; the N. part of the rest of the island was assigned to Germany, and the S. to Great Britain. The former German territory, called Kaiser Wilhelm's Land, contains about 70,000 square miles, the English territory 90,540 square miles. The government is in the hands of an administrator appointed by the crown, assisted by an executive and a legislative council. New South Wales, Victoria, and Queensland each contribute to the expense of the government. Land cannot be purchased except from the administrator. The deportation of the natives is forbidden, as is also the sale to them of firearms, intoxicating spirits, or opium. The official center is Port Moresby. The islands of Torres Strait, which are the seat of a valuable pearlshell and trepang fishery, and which practically command the strait, have all been annexed to Queensland. The Dutch have done little or nothing for their portion of the island. The Europeans in the colony give their attention mostly to trading or gold mining. The population of the Dutch portion is estimated at 200,- 000; of the German, 110,000 ; of the British, 350,000. The imports of New Guinea in 1917-1918 amounted to $1,384,074, and the exports to $1,073,545 . The chief products are pearls, copra, and rubber. The German protectorate was occupied by an Australian force on Sept. 12, 12, 1914, and from that time to the close of the war was under the military power of the British. By the terms of the Treaty of Paris it passed into the hands of the British Empire.

Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)

2026 Editor's Note: This page uses language about other peoples, religions, or nationalities that was commonplace when the book was published and is offensive by today's standards. The text has been left exactly as it was printed, rather than cut or softened, so that the historical record — including how ordinary such language once was — is preserved. (Ed: ET 2026-07-22) nu-gin'e, or Papua, a large island in the southern Pacific. Its area is over 300,000 square miles, making it next to Australia in size among the islands of the world. It lies to the north of Australia. The coast is for the most part precipitous. The interior rises to a height of 20,000 feet. In 1885 the northeastern portion was assigned to Germany, the western portion to the Netherlands, and the southeastern portion to Great Britain . British New Guinea is annexed to Australia for governmental purposes. The Germans and British agree in forbidding the sale of firearms, gunpowder, and intoxicating spirits. The natives are still in the stone age of savagery. Their arms and utensils are the crudest known, and the social ideas of the natives are low. The total population is reckoned at half a million. The animals, too, are not highly developed. A wild pig, some mice and pouched animals, like the kangaroo, and animals of the duckbill order complete the list of mammals. The birds are peculiar. Parrots, pigeons, kingfishers, bower birds, and the showy birds of paradise abound. The vegetation is that of rainy, semi-torrid regions. Gigantic camphor trees and palms are conspicuous. The natives cultivate yams, rice, and sugar-cane, and collect bananas, sago, and cocoanuts. Shell pearl is exported by British Guinea. The island has boundless natural resources and will some day be a source of wealth.